Federal Security Service
The FSB is the domestic security service of the Russian Federation. The Russian name Федеральная служба безопасности Российской Федерации Federal Well Sluzhba besopasnosti Rossijskoj Federazii means " Federal Agency [ literally: Federal Service ] for security of the Russian Federation".
The FSB is under - with the exception of foreign espionage - the entire infrastructure of the former KGB ( Committee for State Security ). His duties extend primarily to the State protection, domestic spying and the border troops of Russia. Headquarters of the Organization is Moscow.
History
The FSB is practically the successor of the KGB, the restriction on domestic tasks. During the KGB was a Soviet intelligence service and extending to the entire Soviet Union, the FSB is only active in the Russian Federation.
MSB - Between Republican Security
On 28 November 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev signed in his capacity as President of the USSR, the statement ( Указ ) " On Approval of the temporary location in the intermediate Republican Security - MSB " ( Об утверждении Временного положения о Межреспубликанской службе безопасности - МСБ ).
MB - Ministry of Security
On 19 December 1991, the Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed a statement establishing the Ministry of Security of the Russian Federation - MB ( Министерство безопасности Российской Федерации - МБ ). The correct term in the long form is " Ministry of Security and Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation" - MBWD ( Министерство безопасности и внутренних дел РФ - МБВД ).
On 14 January 1992, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation canceled this statement for non-conformity with the Russian Constitution. On January 24, the statement was then issued in final form and entered into force.
The Soviet Union broke up on 25 December 1991. Yeltsin started his own Russian intelligence, the heir to the existing Soviet KGB. He fought in the months before the dissolution of the Soviet Union on the Russian side against Gorbachev, who represented the interests of the Soviet Union and ultimately defeated. Already in June 1991, Yeltsin had won the first presidential election in Russia.
Rated - Federal Service for Counter-Enlightenment
On 21 December 1993, Yeltsin signed the statement for the dissolution of the Ministry of Security ( MB ) and the formation of the Federal Service for Counter-Enlightenment ( Федеральна служба контрразведки - ФСК ) - FSK. The service worked with this name from 1993 to 1995 as a successor to the MB. In August 1994, agreed BND chief Bernd Schmidbauer and the former G - chief Sergei Stepashin work. 1996 asked the PM in a letter to the German Ministry of Justice for legal assistance in connection with the Munich plutonium smuggling of August 1994. FSK admitted that the seized 363 grams of plutonium from Obninsk, the oldest nuclear power plant in the world (since 1954 ), 80 kilometers southwest came from Moscow.
FSB - Federal Security Service
On 3 April 1995 Yeltsin signed the "Law on the organs of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation" ( Закон об органах Федеральной службы безопасности в Российской Федерации ) - FSB. The FSB thus became the successor to the " counter-espionage service" FSK.
The law describes the three main tasks of the FSB:
- Counterintelligence ( paragraph 9 )
- Fighting crime ( paragraph 10 )
- Espionage / reconnaissance ( paragraph 11 )
The frequent renaming of intelligence has been since 1918 in Russia has a long tradition and was associated with the steady restructuring the organization.
End of December 2007 reported the FSB, has the British Foreign Intelligence Service Secret Intelligence Service ( MI6 ), the former Russian intelligence agent Vyacheslav Zharkov recruited and tasked with the procurement of secret data. Zharkov did, however, voluntarily provided to the FSB in June 2007 and unmasked four other MI6 agents.
In July 2010, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a law to extend the mandate of the FSB. It now reaches a suspicion of a possible crime, so that FSB can investigate citizens. The human rights authorize the government Ella Pamfilova declared one day after the entry into force of the law of her resignation. She had Medvedev urged not to expand the rights of the FSB.
Urpo
Since 1996 there is a special department in the FSB, called Upravlenije razrabotki Prestupnykh Organizatsij ( Urpo ), German: Directorate for the infiltration of criminal organizations. The purpose of this special section is to infiltrate criminal organizations and to identify the leaders. The department has a team strength of about 150
Head of the FSB
- Viktor Pavlovich Barranikow ( Виктор Павлович Баранников ) ( 1992-1993) (MB )
- Nikolai Mikhailovich Goluschko ( Николай Михайлович Голушко ) ( 1993-1994) (MB, FSK)
- Sergei Stepashin Vadimovich ( Сергей Вадимович Степашин ) (1994-1995 ) ( Rated FSB)
- Mikhail Ivanovich Barsukow ( Михаил Иванович Барсуков ) ( 1995-1996) (FSB )
- Nikolai Dmitrievich Kovalev ( Николай Дмитриевич Ковалев ) ( 1996-1998) (FSB )
- Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin ( Владимир Владимирович Путин ) ( 1998-1999) (FSB )
- Nikolai Patrushev Platonovich ( Николай Платонович Патрушев ) ( 1999-12. May 2008) (FSB )
- Alexander Vasilyevich Bortnikov since May 12, 2008