Fernando Márquez de la Plata
Fernando Márquez de la Plata y Orozco (* August 1740, according to other sources: September 3rd, in Seville, Spain, † December 17, 1818 in Santiago de Chile) was a Spanish colonial official and members of the First Government Junta in Chile.
He was married to the Chilean María Antonia Calvo de Encalada y Recabarren.
Youth and Education
Marquez comes from a noble family from Andalusia; his parents were Rodrigo Márquez de la Plata y García de Celis and Luisa de Orozco y Martel. His father was a judge and counted ( German: Indies ) as a member of the Consejo de Indias to the highest administrative official of the Spanish colonial empire. Fernando studied after visiting the Colegio de Santo Tomás law at the University of Seville. After finishing his studies, he entered the service of the colonial administration.
Colonial official in South America
1776, he went to South America. He began his career there in La Paz in Bolivia today. In 1781 he was appointed as a judge ( Oidor ) to the Real Audiencia of La Paz. 1783 he was given the office of the provincial governor of Huancavelica in Peru. He began his service in the following year and remained until 1789 in office. After that he went as a judge to Lima.
His wedding in Santiago in 1786 had to take place without the groom, as this was indispensable in Peru.
In 1798, he was given the chair of the Supreme Court (Real Audiencia ) from Quito in present-day Ecuador and in 1803 the chair of the Real Audiencia of Chile in Santiago de Chile.
Member of the Government Junta
With Napoleon's invasion of Spain, the imprisonment of King Ferdinand and the formation of the Junta Suprema Central, the urge to set up a junta was also in Chile. On September 18, 1810 appointed the governor of Chile, Mateo de Toro Zambrano y Ureta, called a meeting to discuss the country's government.
At the meeting, which marked the beginning of the independence of Chile, a government junta was elected, chaired Toro Zambrano took over. Among the notables who were members of the committee ( as Vice- President of the Bishop of Santiago, José Martínez de Aldunate ) was also Márquez as Chairman of the Supreme Court.
After the death of Toro Zambrano his deputy and designated successor, Bishop Martínez de Aldunate even already seriously ill and death was near, who met him in April 1811. Juan Martínez de Rozas, the leader of Exaltados - the most radical part of the independence movement - initially assumed the presidency, but had after the unfortunate character he had made at the suppression of the coup by Tomás de Figueroa, to resign. In his place Márquez de la Plata took over the office of the junta - Chairman.
At the instigation of Martínez de Rozas, the government dissolved in the aftermath of the coup - Figueroa end of April, the Real Audiencia on. On July 4, 1811, National Congress came together and solved as a government institution from the junta.
Other career as a judge and exile
In September 1811 Márquez de la Plata as a member of the newly created Court of Appeals (Tribunal de Apelaciones ) was sent.
As in 1814, the Independence Army was defeated at the Battle of Rancagua, Márquez de la Plata was like many other heads of the independence movement ( including José Miguel Carrera, Bernardo O'Higgins and Manuel Rodríguez ) into exile in Argentina Mendoza. In contrast to most other revolutionaries, he managed to take most of his considerable Vermögends.
After the victory of the independence movement in the Battle of Chacabuco in 1818 he returned to Chile. In the young republic, he took over the office of the Chief Justice. In office, he died at the age of 78 years a year later.