FIFA Women's World Cup
The World Cup of Women, officially FIFA Women's World Cup or FIFA Women's World Cup, is a women's football tournament for national teams, which always takes place since 1991 every four years, one year after the men's tournament, organized by world soccer governing body FIFA.
History
Before 1991, the first official World Cup of Women was held in China, already a number of international, mostly unofficial tournaments for women 's national teams were held. So in 1970 in Italy, the " Coppa del Mondo " (with 7 participants ), 1971 in Mexico the " Mundial " (6) - these two tournaments, the Federation had organized International et Européenne de Football Feminin ( FIEFF ) - and five as "Women's Mundialitos " designated tournaments 1982-88 in Italy ( 4/6). These tournaments first participated in 1984, the Federal Republic of Germany and had to after two wins in the group stage until the final the Italians defeated. Between 1978 and 1987, found on Taiwan four "Women 's World Invitation Tournament" called Tournaments with up to 14 teams instead, took part in the next teams from Asia, Oceania and North America and the multiple German woman champion SSG 09 Bergisch Gladbach and 1981 and 1984 won. 1988 finally took place in China, where three years later, the first official World Cup should be played, now already under the care of FIFA, the so-called "Women 's FIFA World Invitational Tournament " with 12 teams from all six football continents instead, which was won by the eventual champion Norway. A German team was here, however, not at the start.
Rules
Qualification
In order to take part in the World Cup of women national teams must be a qualification survive. While the respective continental championship is also the qualification in most confederations, the UEFA leads since 1999 through a separate qualification. At the World Championships in 1991 and 1995, were the respective European Championships as a qualifier. The host country is automatically qualified for the World Cup. The individual confederations are dependent on the skill level varies too many starting places. Europe presented last with 4.5 qualifiers and hosts the largest contingent. This was followed by Asia with three courts and North America with 2.5 squares. The third-placed team in the North America Cup and the Fifth European Qualifiers determined in return game a subscriber. South America and Africa stood at two places, while Oceania posed a team.
Finals
The 15 qualified teams will play with the predetermined host country in a lasting about three weeks tournament for the title of world champion. In the first phase of the tournament ( group stage ) the teams randomly into four groups are divided four teams, with some teams set according to certain criteria ( host, World Champion, FIFA rankings ) and the other teams of primarily regionally oriented Lostöpfen (Europe, South America, Africa, Asia ) are drawn. This is to prevent two teams from a continent meet in the first round. An exception is Europe, as it can not be prevented at five participants, but only four groups, that two European teams meet in the first round.
Each team will play in the first round once each against every other team. A win is valued at three points, a draw one point. The group winners and runners reach the quarter-finals, while the third group excrete and fourth. If two or more teams have equal points, there are several criteria to reach a decision. First, one goal difference. Should this also be the same, counts the number of goals scored.
From the quarter- finals, it goes on in the knockout system. This means that only the winner progressing to the next round while the loser must retire. If there is a tie after the regular 90 minutes, the game goes into overtime. At the World Championships in 1999 and 2003, the extension was played after the golden goal rule, ie the team that scores the first goal in extra time wins the game. Such a golden goal by Nia Künzer the German team in 2003 world champion. This rule, however, was abolished, so that since 2007 a complete extension is played. If after extra time still firmly stand no winner, the game will be decided in a penalty shootout.
In the quarterfinals, the first group to meet for runners another preliminary round group. Earliest in the final two teams from the same preliminary group could meet again. The losers of the semi-finals play in the so -called " small final " for third place. The winners of the semi-finals play in the final of the world championship title. The world champion receives a trophy and may carry the title until the next World Cup.
2007, the participants received first prize money. 2011, the amount was increased, now the World Champion receives a prize of $ 1 million, the runner-up $ 800,000.
The 2007 being considered by FIFA expansion of the field from 16 to 24 teams at the World Cup 2011 was again discarded. It was not until the World Cup 2015 will be played with 24 teams.
For the World Cup in 2019 the application process was opened in March 2014. According to the organizers of the two tournaments in 2011 and 2015, the 2019 host in the previous year to align, where possible, the U- 20 World Cup, which is regarded as the FIFA Confederations Cup in men as a dress rehearsal for the World Cup finals.
Earlier regulations
In the first two World Championships took only 12 instead of the usual 16 teams since 1999 in the tournament. The teams were divided into three groups of four teams each. In addition to the group winners and runners- the two best third reached the quarter- finals.
At the 1999 World Cup not only the number of participants of 12 was increased to 16 teams. In addition, was the so-called golden goal rule, which has since been abolished.
In 1991, the playing time of 2 x 40 minutes; possibly extended by 2 x 10 minutes as in two games in the quarterfinals. As of 1995, there is now full equality: all the normal men seasons of 2 x 45 minutes and 2 x 15 minutes into extra time.
1991 passed the squad of 18 players from 1995 to 2003, there were 20, since 2007, there are 21 players. 1991, 1999 and 2003 were two goalkeepers in the squad in 1995 and again from 2007 three.
Erstteilnahmen
In the six previously discharged FIFA World Cup finals, there were a total of 24 participants. The following table shows at which final which country took part for the first time:
The tournaments at a glance
Rankings
Record players
* Italics without the use
More than 30 games were not possible until and including 2007.
Awards
Since 1999, the FIFA Women's World Cup, a 46.5 cm high cup of the world champion receives in women's football. Also, the national teams for each recovered World Cup may wear a champion star on the jersey. The German national team has been wearing the World Cup 2007, two stars, up to their first title in 2003 she wore on the logo of the DFB, the three stars of the men's team. The German players also wore from 2009 to 2011 on the jersey on the right side of the FIFA Trophy badge for the current world champion.
At the end of each World Cup women's multiple awards are awarded to the best players and the fairest team. Currently there are five different awards:
- Adidas Golden Ball for the best player
- Adidas Golden Shoe for the leading scorer
- Adidas Golden Glove for best goalkeeper
- Hyundai " best young player " for the best player under 20 years
- FIFA Fair Play Award for the fairest team
Records
- Longest series without a defeat: Germany 15 games ( 2003, 2007 and 2011)
- Longest Streak without conceding a goal: Germany 6 games ( 2007)
- Longest winning streak: 10 games Norway (1995 to 1999)
- The only team that ever reached the semifinals: USA
- Most playoff appearances: Germany (1995, 2003, 2007 ) and the USA (1991, 1999, 2011)
- Player with the most playoff appearances: Birgit Prinz (1995, 2003, 2007 )
- First player who scored 3 goals in one game: Carolina Morace on 17 November 1991 at the 5-0 by Italy against Chinese Taipei.
- The only player who has scored 5 goals in a game: Michelle Akers on 24 November 1991 at the quarter-finals USA vs. Chinese Taipei ( Full 7-0 ), including a hat-trick.
- Fastest Goals: Lena Videkull (Sweden) November 19, 1991 against Japan ( Full 8:0 ) after 30 seconds, Melissa Tancredi (Canada) on 20 September 2007 against Australia (final score 2-2 ) after 37 seconds, and Lori Chalupny ( USA) on 18 September 2007 against Nigeria 1-0 Final in the 54th second.
- Fastest own goal: Ifeanyi Chiejine (Nigeria ) on 24 June 1999 in the match against the USA in the second minute ( Full 1:7 ) and Daiane (Brazil ) on 10 July 2011 at the match against the USA in the second minute ( Full 3:5 iE )
- Ifeanyi Chiejine (born 17 May 1983) is the youngest player that was used. At 16 years and 34 days, they came on June 20, 1999 game against North Korea for use.
- Oldest player in a World Cup match was the Brazilian goalkeeper Meg, who played 39 years and 5 months on 9 June 1995 at 1:6 against Germany.