Finger Plan

Finger Plan ( German Finger Plan) is a regional development plan for the metropolitan area of Copenhagen, which was included as part of the Danish cultural heritage in the cultural canon of 2006. It was created on the initiative of the Danish Stadtplanungslaboratoiums ( Dansk Byplanlaboratorium, DBL) and was established in 1947 under the direction of Peter Bredsdorff from Egnsplankontoret ( planning office ), a technical office of the responsible city planning committee worked out. The plan prevented the spread of urban growth in all directions and turned it instead into definite paths by quasi emerged " between the fingers " by S -tog network of the Copenhagen S -Bahn green spaces.

Genesis

The private organization DBL with the city planner and architect Steen Eiler Rasmussen at the top decided in 1945, planning to take in the hand, as the previous work of the Capital Commission ( Hovedstadkommissionen ) dragged on. The Commission dealt with accommodating the rapid population growth in Copenhagen and its neighboring municipalities. The town planning laboratory called the coordination of related initiatives and turned it in March 1945 at the Regional Planning Committee ( Egnsplanudvalget ), which was founded in 1928. The Committee, in 1936 with a far-reaching " opinion on the green areas in the Copenhagen " ( Betænkningen om Københavnsegnens Grønne Områder ) dealt, waited on how the companies of the Capital Commission would went out. The town planning laboratory introduced a parent plan that showed were as housing, employment and recreation areas to place the best possible way and to link appropriate to the transport system. Both the Danish Ministry of Labour ( Arbejdsministeriet, today Beskæftigelsesministeriet ) as well as the surrounding communities showed an early interest in the concept. The Ministry of the plan was duly funded, also because of the post-war chaos was feared in the labor market. The Planning Committee was revived, so this could comment on the feasibility of the plan. One asked him under Working Committee then established a Egnsplankontoret ( planning office ) called Secretariat, which dealt with the practical implementation of an overall plan. As office manager of the Danish urban planner and architect Peter Bredsdorff (1913-1981) was hired. 1947, the first concrete draft plan was discussed by the Working Committee and in January 1948 the draft was presented to the public space planning of large - Copenhagen ( Skitseforslag til Egnsplan for Storkøbenhavn ). The front of the design was designed with a drawn hand whose fingers were stretched out over Copenhagen, from which the name derived Finger Plan.

Basics

Starting point of the plan is Copenhagen, which in the center of Hovedstadsområdet ( capital district). The principle of Bredsdorff and his colleagues foresaw that everywhere in the capital, the distances were kept as short as possible between home, work and green spaces - all on the basis of public transport. Between home and jobs trams and buses should serve as a supporting system. This transportation systems, however, there were limits what the range concerned. Consequently, the expansion of the S- Bahn network made ​​sure to connect proposed new residential area, central city areas as well as production and service centers - as you look at the hand bones between the fingers and palm imagined. A configured ring road should cross the radii of the S -Bahn lines. Local shopping centers should also occur at the farther out nearby S-Bahn stations and are a short distance to the nearby multi-storey residential buildings and more distant individual houses. The S- Bahn network provided a basic structure and should guarantee that the journey time would be even of the outermost regions to the capital under 45 minutes.

Most of the finger plan impressed by the project to establish green areas with recreational areas and horticultural or agricultural land. In this way, an attempt has been made ​​to combine features of each country and city. As one of the successful results applies Vestskoven, a 13 km ², artificially -scale forest area in the Albert Lund Municipality, which is one of the many recreational areas in the development area. In the acquired open spaces could - in Gleichzug with the growing volume of traffic - new roads are created, which lay to the settlements at a reasonable distance, and relieved the existing arterial roads. The creators of the finger plan tentatively expected no major traffic problem and were of the view that the general public would prefer a higher quality flat car.

Finger Plan in the present

Although Finger Plan was never officially decided, the educational impact that the visual representation of the plan exercised, as so strong that decision-makers locally and centrally followed the principles proved.

Inspired in the scientific sense Finger Plan was strongly influenced by British urban planner Ebenezer Howard and his ideas about his invention of the garden city. The idea was that cities not spread by new belt but instead appreciable satellite cities are built, which are connected to the city center by an efficient private and public transport system.

With the inclusion in Denmark cultural canon of 2006 and an entry on the site four years later initiated 1001 fortællinger om Danmark ( Thousand and story about Denmark ) Finger Plan became part of the Danish cultural heritage. In the cultural canon of the Danish Ministry of Culture, the significance is justified as follows:

"En robust planlægning med en indiskutabel pedagogy, har givet byens s opfattelig form above fortsat Praeger hele hovedstadsregionens udvikling. "

" A robust planning with a induskutablen pedagogy which was an unmistakable shape of the city and still dominates the overall development of the Capital Region. "

A continuation of the concept represents the Finger Plan 2007, which is a created by the Danish Ministry of the Environment Policy ( landsplandirektiv ) and entered into force in August 2007. In it, the municipal spatial planning in the metropolitan area is superior to regulated and its area divided together with a planning law in four geographic sub-areas: in the inner city area as " palm ", the outer metropolitan area as the "City fingers ", the green areas and the remaining areas in the Hovedstadsområdet. :