Firing order

The firing order is the order of the ignition of each cylinder of an internal combustion engine. It is constructively determined by the type of engine and the crankshaft form. The key criteria are: firing intervals of equal length, easy to produce crankshaft and a favorable stress the same. By definition, the ignition sequence begins with the first cylinder and has exactly as many digits as the engine has cylinders.

The firing order is specified in the technical data of the manuals, often by cast numbers on the engine or a sticker in the engine compartment. In a gasoline engine, it can also be determined by the arrangement of the spark plug wire on the distributor cap.

Direction of rotation and counting

Crucial for the definition of these two terms is the DIN 73021st Thereafter, the cylinder " over the power output side / coupling of the first cylinder ." When boxer engines and V-engines first the left cylinder bank are counted and then the right side. (Example six-cylinder V- rear engine mounted longitudinally, force-dispensing side towards the vehicle front: left rear is cylinders 1, 2, 3 the left front, right rear cylinder 4, 5, front right is the 6 cylinder). The firing order is: 1-6-2-4-3-5.

Clockwise rotation: Direction of rotation clockwise. Viewing direction: opposite to the force of the discharge side.

CCW rotation: Direction of rotation counter-clockwise. Of sight to the power output opposite side.

There are deviations from this standard: for example, begins with the four-cylinder boxer engine of the Porsche 356 and VW Beetle / Transporter counting " to the power- dissipating page in the right cylinder bank " (that is right in front of the first cylinder, right behind No. 2, left front and left rear # 3 4 ). Firing order: 1-4-3-2

Guide to the identification of the firing order

In cases where there is no properly plugged cable and no documents are available, in two-stroke engines, the ignition sequence can be detected by determining the order of the top dead centers, has for four-stroke engines because the two-time passage of the crankshaft per four-stroke process in addition, the order in which the will compress individual cylinders detected ( this, the spark plugs are removed in the simplest case, the engine turned right around and found a finger print in Verdichttakt ).

Typical firing sequences

Line engine

  • Three cylinders: 1-3-2 or 1-2-3 Subaru Diesel
  • Four cylinders: 1-3-4-2 or 1-2-4-3
  • Five cylinders: 1-2-4-5-3
  • Six cylinder: 1-5-3-6-2-4 or 1-2-4-6-5-3 or 1-4-2-6-3-5 or 1-4-5-6-3-2
  • Eight-cylinder: 1-6-2-5-8-3-7-4 1-4-7-3-8-5-2-6 or 1-3-6-8-4-2-7-5 or or 1-3-2-5-8-6-7-4

V-type engine

  • Four cylinders: 1-3-2-4
  • Six cylinder: 1-2-5-6-4-3 or 1-4-5-6-2-3 or 1-4-3-6-2-5
  • Eight-cylinder: 1-6-3-5-4-7-2-8 1-8-3-6-4-5-2-7 or 1-5-4-8-6-3-7-2 or
  • Ten cylinders: 1-6-5-10-2-7-3-8-4-9
  • Twelve cylinders: 1-12-4-9-2-11-6-7-3-10-5-8

Further variants:

  • Six-cylinder VR engines: 1-3-5-6-2-4 ( VR6 engines of VAG do not have this firing order )
  • V6 engines: 1-6-2-4-3-5 or 1-4-3-6-2-5 (Some Audi and VW engines ) or 1-4-2-5-3-6 (Mercedes -Benz)
  • V6 engines with cylinder bank angle of 90 °: 1-6-3-5-2-4 ( PRV engine)
  • V8 engines from General Motors / USA: 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2
  • V8 engines from Ford / USA, Scania / Sweden: 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8
  • V8 engines from the Porsche 928: 1-3-7-2-6-5-4-8
  • V8 engines with 180 ° crankshaft: 1-8-2-7-4-5-3-6 1-8-3-6-4-5-2-7 or
  • V12 engines from BMW: 1-7-5-11-3-9-6-12-2-8-4-10
  • V12 engines in the Lamborghini Murcielago / Reventon / Aventador: 1-7-4-10-2-8-6-12-3-9-5-11

Boxer engine

  • Four cylinders: 1-4-3-2
  • Six cylinder: 1-6-2-4-3-5
  • Eight-cylinder: 1-7-6-4-5-3-2-8 1-6-4-7-5-2-8-3 or, 180 ° V engine: 1-4-3-2-5 -8-7-6 (180 ° V)

W motor

  • Sixteen cylinder engine from Bugatti Veyron: 1-14-9-4-7-12-15-6-13-8-3-16-11-2-5-10
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