Flight instruments

Flight instrument the umbrella term of the electronic and mechanical equipment is located in an aircraft. With them, the pilot or navigator can orient. Describe the situation in the air, navigation, and the primary and secondary information about the aircraft itself, such as tank filling, pressures, temperatures, etc.

According to flight rules ( visual or instrument flight ) and time are different instruments mandatory.

Minimal equipment

  • Magnetic compass
  • Altimeter
  • Airspeed
  • Fuel gauge
  • Radio ( § 4 FSAV )

Controlled Visual Flight

Under CVFR flight conditions, the following instruments are also required ( § 11a DVO LuftBO ):

  • Variometer
  • Turn and bank indicator or artificial horizon
  • Scheinlotanzeige
  • Gyro
  • Clock with seconds display
  • Transponder ( § 4 FSAV )
  • VOR receiver ( § 4 FSAV )

Night flight

Under NVFR flight conditions, the following instruments are also required (§ 15 LuftBO DVO ):

  • Two landing lights or a common Headlights with separate glow wires and hedging
  • Illumination of the flight instruments (outside of this paragraph )

Instrument flight

For instrument flight following additional tools are needed (§ 11 LuftBO DVO ):

  • A control that can be operated from the copilot's seat of
  • The airspeed indicator must be protected against frost and condensation
  • An additional fine altimeter
  • Turn and bank indicator AND artificial horizon
  • The outside air temperature
  • Clock with a large second hand
  • Illumination of the flight instruments
  • Energy supply indicator for gyro instruments
  • An additional radio ( § 3 FSAV )
  • An additional VOR receiver or a RNAV system (§ 3 FSAV )
  • Radio compass (ADF ) (§ 3 FSAV )
  • Entferungsmessgerät (DME ) (§ 3 FSAV )

The " Basic T" consisting of the flight instruments, artificial horizon, altimeter, airspeed indicator and directional gyro

From the " Basic T" instruments of Artificial horizon as a central instrument most accurately must be kept in mind while demand special attention the other instruments depending on the flight maneuvers ( climb, turning flight).

Other instruments

Commercial aircraft also possess other instruments such as attitude computer ILS receiver, Machmeter, TCAS and weather radar. Light aircraft, especially gliders, are now increasingly equipped with the collision warning system FLARM. The latter have, if they are used for the haul flight, flight computer also often via a ( often based on GNSS ).

Cockpit Visual flight rules Visual flight rules#Controlled visual flight rules Heading indicator Distance Measuring Equipment Aircraft flight control systems Avionics
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