Fortuna
Fortuna (Latin for " happiness ", " fate "; Fors Fortuna: " Force of Destiny "; epithet Antias ) is of chance and fate goddess of Roman mythology, corresponding to the Tyche in Greek mythology and the salvation in the Old Norse peoples.
Antiquity
Presumably, the goddess became popular at the beginning of the Roman Empire by the king Servius Tullius. Tullius is the Fortuna have devoted twenty-six temples, each with a different epiclesis. According to legend, he came as the son of a slave by the favor of the goddess of fate on the royal throne. Fortuna played later in the religion of the Romans an important role, among other things, it is called as one of the Fates. Many temples throughout the Roman Empire were dedicated to her. Known Temple of Fortuna were in Antium, from which it has its nickname Antias, in Praeneste and on the Quirinal, one of the seven hills of Rome. Your festival was celebrated on June 24. Fortuna was worshiped by the Romans as a state goddess (Fortuna Populi Romani ) and as a private goddess (Fortuna privata ).
Medieval and modern times
Starting from the monastic schools you started in the 12th century to see Fortuna and the Goddess Natura as servants of God. Although this idea was actually incompatible with the Christian faith, they migrated in the 13th century to the newly established universities. Philosophically studded spirits remained this view over but often critical.
Fortuna is generally characterized as a fickle, complex goddess who. Gifts of the cornucopia, good as bad fate, fortune and misfortune, without respect of persons distributed ( similar in the Lady Justice ) Your initial religious significance as a fertility goddess was doing later displaced from their chance and fate aspects that occur in connection with the medieval motif of vanitas iconography about the image of the wheel of life. As oracle goddess Fortuna was often asked about the future, often this happened about the casting of lots, small pieces of wood with incised lines, which were interpreted by the priests. In Tarot Journal X Wheel of Fortune a female figure is often depicted with a wheel that can be interpreted as the goddess Fortuna.
Fortuna was also a popular motif on tokens or chips gambling in the 18th and 19th century.
In the visual arts Fortuna is often depicted with significant attributes, the life - or Fortune, and the cornucopia on a ball rolling.
In 1935/36 has the first and last part of his Carmina Burana Carl Orff, the composer dedicated to her; the text Fortuna Imperatrix Mundi ( German Fortuna, the mistress of the world ) from the same collection of the 13th century starts with:
The second song starts with:
In the 18th century the chamber Mohr Ignatius was the last name of Fortuna.
Fortuna is also a popular name for club sports clubs and is particularly widely used in football as shorthand for the whole club.
Swell
- Ovid Fasti VI 0.771 to 784