Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli

Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli (* 1700 in Paris, † 1771 in Saint Petersburg ) was a Russian architect and builder of Italian origin.

From Rastrelli come many Baroque buildings in St. Petersburg, including the Stroganov Palace, the Vorontsov's Palace, the Smolny Convent and, partially, the Anitschkow Palace ( later Classicist style ) and the Gostiny Dvor (floor plan ). The best known are probably the Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo, the Grand Palace of Peterhof and the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg ( Hermitage ).

Life

Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli was born as the son of the sculptor Bartolomeo Rastrelli Carlo, which was later raised by the pope to the hereditary title of Count in Paris. In 1716 he went with his father to Russia, where he was the Great worked as an architect and sculptor Peter. First Rastrelli was a pupil of his father. 17- year old, he planned his first independent work: the gardens for the summer residence in Strelna. These were followed by two stays abroad; Rastrelli visited Italy, France and Germany.

Court architect under Elizabeth I.

After 1730 Rastrelli returned to Russia and was appointed court architect. He pointed out numerous projects for Empress Anna Ivanovna, of whom later, very little has been preserved ( Annenhof in Moscow, Summer Palace in Saint Petersburg). Rastrelli took during this time, orders from individuals opposed; for Ernst Johann von Biron as he built in Rundāle ( Ruhenthal ) a summer palace and in the Courland capital Jelgava ( Latvian: Jelgava ) a representative residence.

From Empress Elizabeth I. Rastrelli was then used extensively in the design of Saint Petersburg. In addition, the architect had to plan the numerous festivities of the court: fireworks, illuminations, banquets, wine fountains, triumphs, etc. Especially sumptuously designed Rastrelli the Coronation of the Empress in Moscow. He also had the opportunity to familiarize yourself with the old Russian church architecture. For the first time since Peter the Great created by Rastrelli again the traditional Russian five-domed churches (eg Resurrection Cathedral of Smolny pin ).

Rastrelli was also the 1743 the famous Amber Room in the Winter Palace of the Empress built and it was extended to include some elements and it 1755 again added, when Elizabeth ordered the relocation of the room facilities in a larger space of their recently remodeled summer residence in Tsarskoe Selo.

Rastrelli's work performance was tremendous. Since he could not handle the workload alone, he trained many students who worked all his Baukanzlei.

Rastrelli was married to a native Countess of Wales. The couple had several daughters, but only one reached adulthood and married to Warsaw. Therefore, a large part of the drawing Rastrelli's estate is now in the Polish National Library.

The last work Rastrelli in Russia is the expansion of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg from 1754: Rastrelli added several existing buildings together into a large palace complex. It is his best, become his main work. However, the interior of the palace could not complete Rastrelli; only the throne hall, the main staircase -Jordan staircase and the castle church he could still finish. Then died the Contracting Authority Elisabeth. Her successor, Peter III. Rastrelli gave the Anne North, but was a short time later the victim of a palace coup.

End of Rastrelli's employment

Following the appointment of Catherine II Rastrelli got no more orders from the court, as they turned to the beginning of the classicism. After Rastrelli idly sitting there a year, he asked to be allowed to retire. Rastrelli went to Italy for a year, then he returned to Jelgava back to complete the locks of his youth and expand. There his wife died, he loved dearly, and Rastrelli even now thought to die: He was an old and sick man. 1771 Rastrelli was appointed to the Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg. But he died at the end of this year. Where is his tomb is located, is not precisely known.

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