František Palacký
František Palacký ( born June 14, 1798 in Hodslavice in Moravia, † May 26, 1876 in Prague) was a Czech historian and politician.
Life
František Palacký was the son of the Evangelical Lutheran village schoolmaster Jiří ( George) Palacký in Hodslavice near Olomouc in northern Moravia. From 1812 to 1819 he attended the Latin School in Trenčín, then the Evangelical Theological College in Bratislava and then worked as a private tutor in noble families. In 1823 he was first archivist of the Count Sternberg, since 1838 Landeshistoriograph the Bohemian Estates, 1827-1838 editor of the Czech journal of the Bohemian National Museum, at the founding and development of a mouthpiece Czech intellectual, he did have his part in Prague. In 1830 he was a founding member of the Czech cultural association " Matice ceska " and the Association for the construction of a Czech National Theatre.
In 1832, František Palacký started on a comprehensive history of the Czech Nation in Bohemia and Moravia to write, which is 1848 in the Czech language under the title Dejiny Narodu Českého v Čechách av in Moravia, appeared. He also undertook the attempt to issue a Czech reference the type of Brockhaus encyclopedia. An entity (Franz Ladislaus ) Freiherr von Rieger brought his son František Ladislav completion and pressure. In the revolutionary year of 1848 Palacký rejected, citing the Czech nationality from participation in the Frankfurt National Assembly, was a member of the Austrian parliament in Vienna and Kremsier, President of the Slav Congress in Prague, 1861 Member of the Austrian mansion and was from 1861 to 1875 Member of the Bohemian Landtag under promoting friendship of Prague Gubernialpräsidenten Karl Chotková of Chotkow.
Frantisek Palacky was a member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna, Member of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences in Prague, foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in Munich and many other scientific and cultural associations and was the historian the honorary title of " Otec naroda " ( father of the Nation ). The University in Olomouc since 1990 carries his name as Palacký University Olomouc. He had a son Jan Palacky, born October 10, 1830 in Prague, died on February 22, 1908 ibid, Dr. phil. and Dr. jur. inter alia, with study visits in Paris, Berlin and Munich; 1891-1902 Full Professor at the Czech University in Prague, whose publications have appeared on plant - animal and Regional Geography in Czech, German and French. His son was the politician František Ladislav Rieger and editor.
Effect of his life's work
Emphatically to Palacký sat in the thirties and forties of the 19th century in the Czech national movement one, helped set up the National Theatre and was president of the first Slav Congress in Prague. Participation in the Frankfurt National Assembly, he refused; he was of the opinion that the Slavic areas such as Bohemia and Moravia are not sufficiently taken into account in its historical existence.
After the failure of the Prague uprising of Pentecost in 1848 Palacký withdrew at first; was a leading member of the conservative and loyal to the emperor Czechs, since 1861 member of the Austrian mansion, but insisted on the equality of the Czech nation within the monarchy of Austria - Hungary in the sixties. After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, his attitude changed for the Austria - Hungarian Empire, and he made contacts in Russia to Pan-Slavic circles.
Of particular note are Palacký research on the Czech historiography. He went into transfiguring vision assumes that the Slavs since earliest times were a peaceful and democratic nation. His consideration of the Czech history of the Middle Ages was based partly on the Queen Hofener and green Berger manuscripts - probably forgeries of the Czech Vaclav Hanka archivist - the authenticity of which he did not doubt. Difficult to understand is its idealization of the cruel war of the Hussites trains, which he saw as a representative of a democratic attitude. The defeat of the Bohemian Evangelical Lutheran stands in the Battle of White Mountain near Prague and the subsequent recatholicization in Bohemia, he looked at as a national disaster. This view of history had until the 20th century, was instrumentalized by the end of the Second World War (1939 to 1945) and the dispossession and expulsion of the Sudeten Germans in Bohemia and Moravia by the Communist government in Prague in a modified form.
For his historical researches Palacký traveled about seventy European archives in the Vatican in Rome, he made over 400 copies from the local archives at. His language skills were remarkable. Besides Czech, Latin and Old Slavonic it was German, Hungarian, Russian, English, French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese.
Works
Poetry
- Well horu Radhosť - Poem
- Má Modlitba dne 26 července 1818 - Anthem
- Ideál říše - Ode
Scientific literature
- Staročeský všeobecný kalendář
- Život Jana Amose Komenského
- Zběrky ze starožitnosti českoslovanské
- Počátkové Českého básnictví, obzvláště prosody - (1818 )
- Krásověda čili o crasis a umění knihy patery
- Oku české terminology filosofické
Historical literature
- Stari letopisové Čeští od roku 1378 do roku 1527
- History of Bohemia First band " The Prehistory and the time of the Dukes of Bohemia until 1197 " - 1836 online at Google Books First book: " Bohemia prehistory, before the arrival of the Čechen " (up to 451)
- 2nd book: " Bohemia under the Čechen prior to the dissemination of Christianity " ( 451-894 )
- Book 3: " Bohemia as a duchy under the influence of Germany" ( 895-1197 )
Political work
- Austrian state idea - (1866 )