G7
The G7 (short for Group of Seven ) is a since March 2014 again existing summit of leading industrial nations of the world. It was established in 1975 and extended in 1998 by the inclusion of Russia into the G8. On March 25, 2014, the other members joined Russia due to its behavior in the Krimkrise again and returned to the format of the G7.
Origin and scope
Founded as the group in 1975 as the Group of Six (G6 ) in the context of a fireplace conversation on Château de Rambouillet. At the G6 summit in Rambouillet from 15 to 17 November 1975, the Heads of State and Government took six countries: Federal Republic of Germany ( represented by Chancellor Helmut Schmidt ), France ( with President Valéry Giscard d' Estaing as host ), United Kingdom, Italy, Japan and the United States. The subjects were then monetary policy after the collapse of the exchange rate system of Bretton Woods and the response to the first major oil crisis. At that time, the summit was planned as a forum to discuss in a small circle on financial and monetary issues. Your topic but has expanded considerably, making health and education policy, economy, demography, environment, climate change, foreign policy, questions of international law, law enforcement, terrorism, international trade and domestic affairs ( access to land, sea and air routes ) in the debates are discussed. Foreign policy issues have now come to the fore, as the international links can be primarily those matters.
The G6 itself again went back to the informal " Group of Five " (G5 ). This was a meeting of finance ministers and central bank governors of the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom and France from 25 March 1973 - September 1973 Japan - in the library of the White House, which is why this group has also been called Library Group.
Of 17 November 1975 to 1998 there was already a G7 with Canada, but without Russia, and from 1998 until March 25, 2014 G8 with Russia.
From the annual meeting in a small group a permanent cooperation at the level of ministers and senior government officials has become. Prepare the annual summit before, coordinate national positions and already provide in advance of the summit in part, for a clarification of different positions. To this end, each country sends so-called sherpas and sous - sherpas. The commissioned by the then Chancellor Gerhard Schröder German Sherpa is Bernd Pfaffenbach, State Secretary in the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour. Prominent German Sherpas included the later Federal President Horst Köhler and the former President of the Deutsche Bundesbank, Hans Tietmeyer.
List of G6, G8 and G7 meeting
* Frequency Correct host if hitherto unchanged members stand.
Since the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001, the principle to choose a place that can be considered well secured; it should be prevented that the journalistic effect of protests ruined the summit.
Development of the G6 on the G8 G7
- March 1973 - September 1973: G4 ( informal group ), even without Japan
- 1973: G5 ( informal group ), even without Italy
- 1975: G6 - Federal Republic of Germany, United States, Japan, United Kingdom, France, Italy
- 1976: G7 - Canada becomes a member
- 1998: G8 - Russia is participant
- 2014: G7 - Russia, the participants shaft is renounced
Other groups of states
- G8
- G8 5
- G15
- G20
- Group of Twenty
- G33