Gala (apple)
Intersection of Kidd's Orange × Golden Delicious
Gala is a cultivar of apple culture (Malus domestica). The fruits of the cultivar Gala are relatively small, include a dessert fruit and are easy to store. The apple is relatively strong and sweet in taste. It has a bright red skin and a yellowish pulp. In trade almost exclusively the mutant Royal Gala is widespread.
- 2.1 origin
- 2.2 Situation Today
- 3.1 Vulnerabilities and Resistances
Description
Fruit
Gala has an intense red color on a creamy- yellow to golden yellow background. The skin is smooth and shiny and can act greasy with prolonged storage. A green ground color is a sign of lack of maturity. The color depends generally stronger than with most other apples of the sun, which was the fruit in the growth phase. The apples are small to medium in size, and thus belong to the world market to the smaller apples. The apples are round - conical and individual fruits differ in form only slightly from one another. The stem cavity is of medium size compared to other apples and deep to very deep. Some of them may be russeting. The stems themselves are long and thin. The flesh is pale yellow, juicy and firm. The taste is aromatic sweet.
Tree
The tree grows medium high, and is strongly oriented to the top. He has comparatively long, strong branches. The wood, however, is relatively brittle and prone to breaking. The bearing fruit gala at one-to two -year wood.
Mutants
From the Gala variety, exist alongside the original Gala, different types. Gala often generated mutations that differ mainly in color. Thus, the original breeding was yellow with a slight red coloration, while today's occurring in the commercial forms are almost all intensely red. Spreads are about the better colored Tenroy, Royal Gala, Gala Must, or Royal Gala, which, however, is still kleinfrüchtiger than the normal gala. On the world market is now only the bred in the early 1970's Royal Gala important. Royal Gala and Braeburn as accounted for in the early 2000s, a total of 77 % of New Zealand's apple harvest, while all other types combined gala less than 10 % of the crop services.
Gala has numerous mutants that are strongly colored red. The apple tends to produce these, but many of these variants can not be cultivated stable. The variant Imperial Gala has a Royal Gala corresponding coloration, but somewhat larger fruit. The type Tenroy Gala Galaxy has an even stronger red color and is Europe's currently (as of 2005), most commonly planted type of the cultivar Gala. Other common variations are Mondial Gala, Mitchgla, Regal Gala, Scaret Gala, Fulford Gala, Brookfield Gala Buckeye Gala, Pacific Gala, Gale Gala, Gala Delaf, Regal Prince and Welsh. THe variants differed mainly in properties that are important for growing ( harvest time, storage capacity, density of the flowers, etc. ), but hardly in the properties of the fruit.
Overall, however, a process has been used in recent years, in which Gala variants selected more often due to the intense red color of the attachment as a result of the taste. The industry thus repeats a mechanism already supplanted the last Red Delicious from his importance as the dominant type of apple.
History
Origin
Gala is the result of breeding the New Zealand breeder James Hutton Kidd. Kidd crossed a Cox Orange with a Red Delicious and received from a new variety, Kidd's Orange Red Kidd's Orange Red The intersection of with Golden Delicious was conducted in 1934 by H. J. Kidd in Greytown, New Zealand and 1965 placed on the market. The name was Gala 1962 by Don McKenzie at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in Havelock North. Importance in the market but got Gala in the 1970s as several mutants were discovered that a significantly more pronounced red color had than the original gala.
Situation today
The Gala variety was in 2012, after harvest, the most important species in Switzerland, Baden- Württemberg, it was ranked in the same year in second place. In Rhineland -Palatinate it is the fourth most common variety with a share of 10.7 % of the acreage.
Gala is introduced mostly from New Zealand and Chile for Europe. A significant place in the commercial cultivation has gala beyond in Brazil, Argentina, Australia, China, the U.S., France and Britain.
Cultivation
Gala is diploid and limited self-pollinating. The trees bloom comparatively long in the middle of apple season. The tree bears rich. The harvest takes place in Europe in the early to late September.
After harvesting this variety can be stored until December. There are no special vulnerabilities known to occur due to storage. In CA storage, the storage times are, depending on variant and region four to nine months. The recommended temperatures, depending on the variant and the region between zero and three degrees Celsius, the recommended oxygen content of the air between one and three percent of the recommended amount of carbon dioxide between 0.5 to 2 percent of the air.
The variety does not enjoy variety protection under the Federal Plant Variety Office, but must according to § 6 para 4 of the " Regulation concerning the placing of cultivation material of vegetable, fruit and ornamental species and repealing Council Regulation on the control of viral diseases in fruit farming (cultivation material regulation - AGOZ ) " are grown in Germany.
Vulnerabilities and resistances
Gala no tendency to biennial bearing. The variety is highly susceptible to mildew as well as for fire blight, apple scab and canker of fruit trees. Gala is moderately resistant to winter frost.
Breeding
The Gala variety is also used in the breeding of new varieties. Some apple varieties, their parent variety is Gala are, for example Galmac, Civni, Nicoter, Mairac, modes, Sansa, Chinook, Pacific Rose, Pacific Beauty, Pacific Queen and Initial.
From Royal Gala and Braeburn, the variety Scifresh comes from, which is currently the fastest growing apple variety in New Zealand commercial cultivation.