Gardening

As horticultural all those professions are summarized that have to do with some form of the living plant and do not belong to classical field economy.

The horticultural crop production, however, is usually done in enclosed garden centers, agricultural crops on fields in the open countryside. Economically, the horticulture differs by more intensive culture methods and the much higher yield per unit area of agriculture. Due to the large-scale cultivation of traditional horticultural crops (such as soft fruit, herbs or decorative flowers) and intensive cultivation of classical field crops (such as in the development of new growing concepts in the Third World ), there are no sharp distinction between the two branches of the agricultural economies. What plants and field crops which are horticulture, also related by the regional economies and the world is different.

The agronomic part of horticulture as a part of agriculture for economic basic industry, the horticultural use of plants by florists, landscapers and gardeners cemetery belongs to the service sector of the economy.

  • 2.1 Structure
  • 2.2 Product Areas 2.2.1 Flowers and ornamental plants
  • 2.2.2 Nursery
  • 2.2.3 vegetable

Horticulture in Germany

The horticulture achieved in Germany to about 1 % of agricultural land 10% of the volume of the total economy agriculture. The house and small garden area exceeds the area under cultivation of market gardening in Germany many times. In the Netherlands, the horticultural and pending sectors and services accounts for approximately 18 % of the gross national product.

In 2003, the production value of horticultural services in Germany totaled 5.2 billion euros. It fell on the area gardening and landscaping 77 % and the Friedhofsgärtnereien generated the remaining 23%.

2003 produced garden and fruit products have a production value of 4.6 billion euros. The greatest proportion showed the cut flowers and ornamental plants. Followed by vegetables, nursery products and fruit.

The German Horticultural Museum in Erfurt shows the historical development of horticulture in Central Europe. It is located on the premises of the traditional Erfurt Horticultural Exposition, the city is heavily influenced overall by horticulture. The Leibniz -Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops is headquartered here, also offers the Fachhochschule Erfurt the course of study horticulture at.

Organizations

Can be distinguished organizations of horticulture in amateur and professional growers associations.

Grower: The main professional associations for the horticultural sector in Germany are the Central Horticultural Association ( BMA ), which unites a large part of the labor organizations of horticulture and the Federation horticulture, landscaping and sports ground construction ( BGL).

At European level, the BMA the Comité des organizational professionnelles Ferme (COPA) is connected. International of the profession by the International Association of Producers de l' Horticulture / International Organization of Horticultural Producers ( AIPH ) is represented.

The gardener offspring is represented at the federal level by the Association of German young gardeners ( AdJ ). At European level, there is the youth wing Communauté Européenne des Jeunes de L' Horticulture / European Community of Young Horticulturists ( CEJH ).

In addition are a number of other working groups, communities and societies on special topics within the industry.

Also, there are a number of research and technical authorities that exist at the federal and state level. Doing the gardening is often associated with the agricultural departments.

Universities and colleges / universities of applied sciences offer courses in horticulture or in horticultural sciences. The same applies to the land conservation ( landscape architecture). Until the implementation of the Bologna process, these programs included with the academic degrees (FH ) at colleges and with the Ing Ing univ agr or from universities. Both types of institutions are now offering, through the implementation of the Bologna Process Bachelor and Master courses (B. Sc. / M. Sc.).

At the state level, there are advisory organizations of the state ( official advice ), such as chambers of agriculture in the north of Germany or agricultural administrations in the south. Attached to these professional or government- supported facilities are often technical schools. At these schools accounts can be a master ( one-year course ) or technician be completed ( two-year training ) in the production horticulture (market gardening, fruit-growing, ornamental plants, herbaceous plants or nursery, cemetery flower ) or in the garden and landscaping. After a PhD, the Dr. rer. hort. be purchased - other titles are common.

Acreage of horticulture

Since reunification, the area of ​​the Federal Republic of Germany is 357,000 km ²; of which about 55 % agricultural land, 30 % forest area and 10% built-up and traffic area. The soils vary from light sandy soils fertile loess and clay soils to heavy march and clay soils. Germany lies in a temperate climate zone. The maritime influence of the Gulf Stream takes off to the east towards what causes the rain to fall and take the radiation and temperature amplitude between summer and winter. These conditions make it possible to grow a wide range spectrum. But is also crucial the late and early frost danger sufficient vegetation period, level of technical means ( greenhouse ) and proximity to the consumer for the cultivation areas.

German horticulturists use around 1.3 % of the total agricultural area farmed. In 2003, the horticulturally used area reached a size of 2245 km ². There were vegetables, grown as asparagus, strawberries and seeds. These products accounted for a growing area of 1152.14 km ².

We used a total area of ​​95.45 km ² for the production of ornamental plants and cut flowers. The remaining area was used for nurseries, orchards and private gardens.

At the production farms and sideline horticulture, in addition to commercial farms involved. The total number of countries participating in the production plants declined since 1961 by about 2/3. The reason for this development is the concentration and specialization of commercial farms and the strong competitive pressure, the smaller farms are no longer grown. While the number of farms shrinks, increasing the surface area of each farm, which meant that in 1994 the same land was farmed as 1961. The lower glass surfaces initially took strong in the 60's. However, because of large increases in energy prices and increased competition, the development has slowed down. The number of workers has decreased partly because of the strong rationalization and mechanization.

The specialized divisions of horticulture

Vegetable

In Germany, the total area of ​​vegetable production covers approximately 1006 km ². Currently a self-sufficiency rate of almost 40% tendency Thus, in vegetable cultivation reached, the average German in the year consumed almost 94 kg of vegetables, rising. The proceeds of the nationwide truck-farming be about 1.3 billion euros annually.

Outdoor cultivation:

Despite its very short range period in the spring, the asparagus with over 150 km ² acreage the focus of the outdoor cultivation is followed by carrots, white and cauliflower. The production area of the other vegetables such as spinach, cucumbers or lettuce are both well below 50 km ².

Regionally, most vegetable growers in North Rhine -Westphalia can be found. The entire Lower Rhine valley is characterized by mild climate and good soils, especially the production for the fresh market is operated there on a large scale. Another center of German vegetable growing is in the front Palatinate, where due to slight, rapidly heatable soils and favorable climatic conditions, the cultivation of early vegetables is very common. To Hanover and Brunswick, the largest asparagus growing area is located, the Dithmar region in Schleswig -Holstein is known for her large-scale carbon farming.

Under glass growing:

Many types of vegetables must be grown due to the climatic conditions in Germany in principle, or at least out of season in greenhouses. This is especially true for thermophilic species such as tomatoes or cucumbers, but also field and lettuce are often grown under glass. The greenhouse cultivation in winter not profitable in economic terms, however, since the radiation available is not sufficient in our latitudes from November to January to ensure effective production. The largest sub -glass surface is farmed in Baden -Württemberg with 459 ha, followed by Bavaria (257 ha).

Arboriculture

The German fruit growing areas comprise just under 69,000 ha over 30 % of the total horticultural production area. On average, every German citizen consumes about 100 kg of fresh fruit annually, with consumption has increased in recent years due to increased health consciousness of consumers. The different climatic and soil requirements of the fruit species require a precisely considered siting, which is why the acquiring moderate cultivation of fresh fruit concentrated in a few favorable areas within the Federal Republic. The biggest contiguous fruit-growing area in Germany is located in Lower Saxony on the Elbe. There, in the Old Country reign with an annual average temperature of 7.5 ° C and a deposition rate of more than 700 mm / J optimum climatic conditions for the cultivation of apples, cherries and berry fruit, the prevailing river marsh soils are ideally suited for these species.

With over 31,000 hectares of land, the apple is far ahead of all other native fruit species. He does not have high temperature requirements (7.5 ° C annual average ), but it requires a sufficient and uniform water supply and humus-rich, well-aerated soils. The most important apple growing areas are the old district of Lower Saxony, the fruit-growing region of Lake Constance and the area around Meckenheim in North Rhine- Westphalia.

In their claims the apples very similar, but more sensitive to late frosts are sweet and sour cherries. They are mainly produced but in Hessen near Kassel and around Wiesbaden in the Old Country.

The cultivation of table and precious pear is regionally very limited in Germany, since pears a mild climate wine growing demand (annual mean temperature for at least 9-9.5 ° C) and because of their very early flowering time are extremely late frost. They are therefore almost exclusively cultivated in some parts of Baden-Württemberg, for example, in the Fruits Neckar and in the Upper Rhine Plain, nationwide is the warmest growing region with 10 ° C average annual temperature.

The temperature requirements of plums and damsons are like apples and cherries not particularly high, they also prefer rich soil with good water holding capacity and are produced among others in the fruit Neckar in Baden- Württemberg.

When soft fruit, especially strawberries, with over 13,000 hectares of land are very common. They can be cultivated very early with flat end caps and make out a sufficient water supply, no special requirements. Strawberries are increasingly produced in Lower Saxony, near Oldenburg, in Schleswig -Holstein in Lübeck and in Mecklenburg- Vorpommern.

The cultivation of cane fruit is represented in almost all growing areas on a smaller scale, as most species have a large growing width. Excluded are blueberries, as they require a very low pH value and thus require a very careful fertilization. They are cultivated, for example, in the Lüneburg Heath.

Flowers and ornamental plants

Especially in greenhouses but also in the field a wide range of foliage and flowering potted plants, foliage plants, bedding and balcony plants and cut flowers cultivated by German ornamental gardening.

In the ornamental construction companies need to distinguish between production companies with indirect sales. They produce one to several species and varieties and sell their plants to retailers, such as auctions, wholesale stores, garden centers, hardware stores, grocery retail or to retail nurseries. Production plants, due to their specialization often highly mechanized and automated.

The second group are the so-called Endverkaufsbetriebe with a direct sales to customers. They produce some of a wide variety of plants and sell them to private customers. The product range is supplemented by additional purchase. These include hard goods such as terracotta, but also shrubs, bushes, fruit trees, vegetable seedlings and herbs. The advice and the sale are due to the direct contact with the customer in the foreground. Many horticulturists have grown historically and use both rails - production for wholesale and final sale.

Ornamental plants are grown in Germany. The regional focus of the ornamental plant cultivation does not exist. While prevalent in North Rhine -Westphalia more production companies that supply garden centers and auctions, can be found in Bavaria still many Endverkaufsbetriebe.

In the horticultural survey by the Federal Statistical Office 5882 ornamental plants growing farms in Germany were counted last. There last worked about 41 thousand people.

Friedhofsgärtnerei

In Germany there are about 32,000 cemeteries around 35 million graves. About 18% of the graves are maintained by gardeners. You take on the planning, installation and as explained above care. It is to implement customer requirements and horticultural guidelines for grave design. It comes at the grave system and the seasonal changes in vegetation on a site-specific selection of plants range. Many citizens sign a permanent grave care Treaty and give the responsibility in the hands of the cemetery gardener.

Passed the end of 2004 approximately 265,000 contracts with an average maturity of 16.2 years. In order to provide customers with the assurance that the contracts are met, monitor regional institutions trust the work of the cemetery gardener. Friedhofsgärtner are increasingly taking on the general grounds maintenance in the cemeteries.

Nurseries

General

In the nurseries grow many millions of coniferous and deciduous trees a year. Many nurseries have specialized in a specific type or in a particular culture. So many different nurseries have emerged that market a range of over 200,000 different items in their range. Depending on the specialization of the nursery so trees are produced, which are then sold either as a seedling or a perennial alley or park tree. Here there is the opportunity to focus on various deciduous trees or conifers, which are then used as flowering or ornamental tree for parks, public facilities and private gardens. Furthermore, are grown in special nurseries fruit trees. This may involve core, stone, berries or nuts. Another type of tree nurseries focuses on woody plants that grow their plants on the restoration and revegetation of roadsides and rivers and marketing. Nurseries that have forest trees as a production focus, serve timber production or sustainable forestry.

The production within the nursery follows the model of environmentally friendly production. There are high-quality products are produced and are also environmentally friendly to deal with the nature and resources. It is therefore important to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and to establish biological and mechanical plant protection measures. It is the job of the nursery to share healthy and resistant trees as possible to the consumer, so that any problems at the new locations are kept as low as possible.

Within a nursery following activities are provided:

Tillage / multiplication / plug / washing / breeding / planting / fertilizing / cutting measures / Order / Roden / plant protection / storage / Consulting / Marketing / Sales / Transport / Shipping / Training / Accountancy

It must be sufficiently different propagation methods, so that a high-quality plant are produced and can be marketed later.

In league German nurseries ( BdB), the most important nursery companies are organized. The BdB about 1400 farms annually attract millions zoom deciduous and coniferous trees, which are then marketed specifically to their area of ​​use.

Quality Regulations

In Germany, the wood quality is ensured by the "goodness provision for nursery plants ." The sponsorship "Research Institute for Landscape Development landscaping eV" thereby develop the quality specifications. These quality requirements are constantly updated. Various standards and regulations must be adhered to. In several trial gardens throughout the country, the Federal Office coordinates a Gehölzsichtung to observe different trees in different climates and especially to evaluate new products for both the production as well as for later use.

To ensure a good quality of the customer, assigned by the "Bund German nurseries " to its member companies protected quality mark to identify certified nursery products. The customer can then come from healthy and well- growing plants that have been tested for their varietal identity and purity. To obtain this proof quality mark and preserve the nurseries / products are checked at regular intervals for quality of their products and then can call it " German brand nursery ". All holdings are of the covenant German nurseries, meet the requirements of the Association in quality and production.

Another quality exists specifically for roses. The seal of quality ADR rose can get a rose when they cut positive in regard to health, flower, fragrance, flowering behavior and growth using a test procedure. This test can last for years to identify all factors to be considered. 100 different roses may now wear this quality mark.

Economic power of the nurseries in Germany (2004 )

From 3398 nursery company in Germany (2004) were 2400 full-time farms. The total production area was 25,520 hectares, of which:

  • Fruit Trees 1049 hectares
  • Ornamental trees 11310 hectares
  • 2519 hectares of forest plants
  • Conifer trees for Christmas trees in 2537 hectares
  • Rosen 570 acres
  • Other crops 7535 hectares

The tree nurseries listed together 32,500 employees and 1,729 apprentices. The output corresponding to a total production value of € 1.3 billion; the annual volume of production was:

  • Fruit Trees: 29.506 million plants
  • Ornamental trees: 241 556 000 plants
  • Forest trees: 770 652 000 plants

Horticulture, landscaping and sports ground construction

The garden, landscaping and sports field construction, usually abbreviated landscape contractors in the industry, is concerned with the construction, remodeling and maintenance of green and open spaces. This includes in addition to the grounds of public buildings (hospitals, schools, churches, etc. ), the outdoor equipment in public housing, as well as the outdoor facilities of industry and commerce.

Furthermore, private green spaces (gardens ), ponds, streams, roof and facade greening, parks, cemeteries, street and road - side green and recreational and sports grounds include (playgrounds, recreational facilities, green belt areas, tennis courts and football pitches, combined sports facilities, golf courses, etc.) to their sphere of influence. In addition to new installations and alterations landscaping companies often also for tree care, measures for nature conservation and environmental protection, landscape maintenance and winter maintenance of the road space are responsible.

In landscaping professional bodies are ( in Germany, the Federal Association horticulture, landscaping and sports field construction, for example ) was created to draw attention to a good quality with the association's characters. Due to severe expectant conditions and the increasing competitive pressure, it is becoming increasingly difficult to compete as an individual enterprise. The largest number of orders of landscaping plants comes from the private sector. The public sector projects however they often enjoy a greater construction costs than those of the private sector.

The market for horticultural products

In horticulture, a distinction producer, wholesale, intermediate trade and retail level. Approximately 6.7 billion euros, in 2009 in Germany, as measured by the retail prices, output in the market for cut flowers and ornamental plants. More 1.9 billion euros were in the market for perennials, ornamental and fruit trees implemented (Source: AMI GmbH).

Germany occupies a leading position in the consumption of green products worldwide. The domestic volume, based on the producer price is around 2.9 billion euros. Approximately 36% of all cut flowers and ornamental plants sold on the German market come from domestic production. The greater part, however, is imported from the Netherlands. A smaller part comes from many other countries. These countries take over the coverage of the market during the winter months when the external influences provide a viable domestic production in question. It will cut flowers from "Israel, Ecuador, Colombia, Kenya and other countries introduced which are not members of the European Union. ".

In Germany horticultural products have a high value. This appreciation is reflected in the substantial increase in per capita spending on cut flowers and ornamental plants. In the last 25 years there has been a growth rate of 44 % to 84 euros per inhabitant. Every year is the average German citizens from 14 euros for nursery products (excluding forest trees). In 2004, 69 % of German citizens visited a flower shop, a nursery, a nursery or garden center. " This resulted in the study of private expenditure on flowers and plants of 10,000 representative sample of persons, which performs market research company on behalf of the Central Market and Price Reporting Office for the agricultural, forestry and food industry annually. "

The market for fruit and vegetables

Fruits and vegetables are essential components of our food. Nutritionists call for a greater proportion of fruit and vegetables in our diet. The increased consumption of fruits and vegetables reduces the risk of various disorders such as cancer cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Since the early nineties, an increasing per capita consumption of fruits and vegetables should be noted in the Federal Republic. The annual consumption increased to 94 kg per capita. But this is still below the amount that demand nutritionist.

In comparison to other European countries, Germany is its consumption of fruits and vegetables on a rear rank.

" The self-sufficiency rate, ie the share of domestic production in total consumption is dependent on the harvest and is therefore subject to annual fluctuations. " About 18% of the consumed fruits, including tropical fruits are produced in Germany. These do not include income from home and small gardens. In the vegetable production of the self-sufficiency rate is much higher, at 40 %. It follows that in order to supplement our domestic production, a majority is imported from abroad. Approximately 4.3 million tonnes of fresh vegetables and canned vegetables for the market to be imported each year in Germany. These deliveries amounted to a value of about 4.0 billion euros. The main suppliers of fresh vegetables are the Netherlands, Spain and Italy. A setting of Community and international marketing orders for fruit and vegetable products ensures Marktdurchsichtigkeit and fair trade. This applies to the internal market as well as for trade with foreign countries.

An overview of the marketing of horticultural products

For some time now an ever greater concentration of markets for fruit and vegetables on less and less purchasing centers of the food trade is observed. Today, about 90 % of the producers sell their products in this way. Even with potted plants and cut flowers to increased sales concentration results in the range trade, DIY stores and retail chains. In street trading and market trading market share would be lost. But so far they still hold half of the market at the retail level. Importance DIY stores and garden centers have also gained for the sale of nursery products.

To form a contrast against the strong sales market partners and a large number to deliver consistent quality at a given time, it requires a pooling of small businesses with appropriate coordination and information. Powerful producer organizations are the answer to the metropolitan at the retail level and the condition for the competitiveness of domestic producers against the growing import offer.

The federal government has recognized this development and promotes existing producer organizations and their education. " According to the regulations of the European Common Market Organisation for fruit and vegetables in particular the following carried out by the producer organizations shall be eligible:

  • Improve the quality of products,
  • Introducing environmental practices,
  • Improving the market position of producer organizations (eg marketing )
  • Concentration of supply ( for example, improving the supply-side market position ) "

Also, retail garden centers close together in producer organizations, so as to obtain a better market position.

Horticulture

One distinction in German horticulture today following categories:

  • Horticultural production: Flowers and ornamental plants
  • Nursery
  • Arboriculture
  • Staudenbau
  • Vegetable including horticultural specialty crops ( medicinal plants, aromatic plants and fungi growing )
  • Horticultural retailers (garden shop, flower shop, garden center, seedsmen ) and wholesale
  • Garden landscaping and sports ground construction
  • Friedhofsgärtnerei

The previously separate division " Seed Production and Plant Breeding " has now been integrated into the individual production horticulture sectors. The florists will be counted to the craft.

Horticulture in Austria

In Austria, the production of plants and vegetables in the greenhouse and tree education for horticulture. Unlike other countries orchards does not belong to horticulture in Austria. Compared to the rest of agriculture, the intensive culture methods and the yields per unit area are higher. The products of horticulture among the agricultural Urprodukten.

Structure

Horticulture is in Austria a very small-scale industry, which was defeated in 1982-2010 to constant change. While the number of farms decreased dramatically by 36 %, the horticulturally used surface was less pronounced (-14 %). From this structural change but not all federal states in Austria are equally affected. In the Austrian horticulture approximately 9,700 people are employed. Of these, 7,000 persons alien family. Every year, 750 apprentices are in apprenticeships.

Product Areas

Flowers and ornamental plants

Ornamental gardeners produce an annual and perennial plants and cut flowers in the greenhouse and in the field. 2010, there were 730 nurseries with the vast production direction, flowers and ornamental plants. Thus, the number of farms declined from over six years by 15%. The farms cultivate an area of 400 ha (-32 ha compared to 2004 ). Ornamental gardeners find themselves equally in all nine provinces.

Approximately 50 % of the farms are exclusively manufacturing companies, which are represented as agricultural holdings of the Chamber of Agriculture. The other half are production companies with horticultural industry in the areas of landscaping, green space maintenance, cemetery gardening and flower arranging ( floristry ), which are also represented by the Chamber of Commerce.

A distinction is made between production companies, their goods to retailers, to (Flower ) Trade, via wholesale markets or through producer organizations market and Endverkaufsbetrieben that sell the plants directly to the end customer. The assignment of the operations is not always clear, because often both rails be served. Unlike many other countries, there is in Austria before Endverkaufsbetrieb. More than 80 % of the companies market their goods exclusively or at least partially directly to the consumer. The distribution of production units through producer organizations is meaningless and on the wholesale market to sell almost all farms in Vienna and the neighboring Lower Austria. Large manufacturing companies in Lower Austria, Upper Austria, Styria and Vienna often sell directly to retailers or to Endverkaufsgärtnereien.

The production focus is on the ornamental gardeners in the potted plants and there in particular in the bedding and balcony flowers. Although the demand for bedding and balcony plants has become more diverse, provide geraniums and begonias still the major plant groups. In spring and autumn include violas and primroses, the main products of the gardener and winter poinsettias and potted chrysanthemums. The importance of the production of potted herbs and vegetable seedlings is increasing.

Cut flowers and cut foliage are in Austria only to a small extent - mostly for the in-house bindery - produced. Gardeners who have specialized in the production of cut flowers, have become rare in Austria. The main crops are in the open section of shrubs, greenery, roses, dried flowers and dahlias and in greenhouses, the focus is on tulips, roses, chrysanthemums, lilies and daffodils.

Flowers and ornamental plants are produced conventionally in Austria. Biological production and integrated production are insignificant. The use of beneficial organisms is rising sharply.

Nursery

Nurseries produce perennial plants for ornamental and Nutzverwendung. 2010, there were 285 farms with 1184.62 ha ( 60 businesses and 75.6 ha compared to 2004 ) in Austria. The combination of production operation with garden design plays a major role and is practiced by about 50 % of the farms. Nurseries market their products primarily directly to consumers (over 90% ) or directly to landscapers and nurseries (50 %) or chains (below 10 %). All other marketing options have no meaning. The combination of a plurality of marketing channels is common.

The range of production includes conifers, deciduous trees and shrubs, fruit trees; Street trees and roses. Perennials are usually produced by specialized perennial nurseries and purchased from nurseries or traded. Similarly as in ornamental plant nurseries mainly produce conventionally.

Vegetable

In Austria, a distinction is made between the production of horticultural vegetables in protected crops and field vegetables outdoors. In 2010 there were 399 horticultural vegetable growers who farmed an area of ​​560 ha. The majority of these farms are located in Vienna and bordered Lower Austria, Styria and Burgenland. In the other provinces of gardening vegetable gardening has little significance. The nurseries are almost exclusively manufacturing companies. Production plants with horticultural trade hardly be found. Horticultural vegetables are mainly marketed through producer organizations to retailers or directly to the end customer. The sales directly to retailers via wholesale markets or to the processing industry plays a subordinate role. The combination of several sales structures is also possible.

The focus of the production is tomatoes (loose and trusses ), cucumbers, peppers (green and colorful) radishes, Häuptelsalat and corn salad. In order to market the vegetables on producer organizations, produce vegetable gardener according to the guidelines of the AMA seal of quality, which has the integrated production as a basis. The use of beneficial organisms is widespread.

Organizations

Horticulture driving are compulsory members of the Chamber of Agriculture, which is required by law to represent the interests of the gardener. In addition to these legal advocacy exists a wide range of voluntary organizations whose main tasks constitute advocacy, public relations and advertising.

  • Federal Association of Austrian Gardener: umbrella organization of voluntary interest groups and horticultural organizations
  • Flowers Marketing Austria: Platform of eight horticultural national associations Advertising and Public Relations
  • Federation of Austrian nursery and perennial gardener: voluntary, Austria -wide advocacy of a tree nursery lists and Perennials Gardening
  • The Burgenland Gardener: voluntary advocacy of gardeners in Burgenland
  • Association Blütenzauber Burgenland: Advertising Association of Burgenland gardener
  • The Carinthian Gardener: voluntary advocacy of gardeners in Carinthia
  • Funding community garden: Advertising Community of Carinthian gardener
  • Gardener Association of Lower Austria: voluntary advocacy of gardeners in Lower Austria
  • The Upper Gardener: voluntary advocacy of gardeners in Upper Austria
  • Flowers Marketing Upper Austria: Advertising Association of the Upper Austrian gardener
  • The Salzburg gardeners and vegetable growers: voluntary advocacy of gardeners in Salzburg
  • The Styrian gardeners and nurseries voluntary advocacy of gardeners in Styria
  • Werbegemeinschaft flower arrangements Gardener: Styrian advertising community
  • The Tyrolean Gardener: voluntary advocacy of gardeners in Tirol
  • The Vorarlberg Gardener: voluntary advocacy of gardeners in Vorarlberg
  • Advertising Association of Vorarlberg gardeners and florists: joint advertising community of gardeners and florists in Vorarlberg
  • The Vienna Gardener - Gardening Association Vienna: voluntary advocacy of gardeners in Vienna
  • Working Group of the Viennese teachers: association of teachers from Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland
  • Nursery group South East: Association of Nurseries from southern and eastern Austria
  • Tree & Shrub: association of 15 nurseries

Training

In Austria there are several ways to complete a training course in horticulture.

  • Teaching: After completion of general education, the teaching can be started in a nursery. It lasts three years and includes a visit to the vocational school. The training concludes with the skilled worker examination. After three years of practice of the master class and the master's examination can be made.
  • Horticultural Management School: The training for horticulture skilled workers takes horticultural colleges four years and includes a 14- montiges internship. The School of Horticulture Langenlois, the technical school for horticulture Ritzlhof and the Agricultural College Ehrental offer the training. Following the master class can be visited after sufficient practice and there is the possibility to visit the advanced course in the AREC Palace and take the maturity and diploma examination.
  • Horticulture Business School: The training is offered jointly by the School of Horticulture Großwilfersdorf and the Agricultural College Grottenhof -Hardt. The training lasts three years, the first year in the School of Horticulture and the other two years to be completed in the agricultural college. After school one year, relevant horticultural practice must be proved in order to obtain the authorization of the gardener skilled worker.
  • Higher School of Horticulture: Training at the AREC Schönbrunn lasts five years and ends with Matura. The conclusion replaces the teaching and technical examinations. After three years of professional practice, the professional title engineer may be requested.

Horticulture in development cooperation

Various development organizations promote horticulture in developing countries to combat the malnutrition occurring there.

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