Garra
Garra rufa
Garra is a carp fish species that lives primarily in -flowing mountain waters. 17 Of the more than 100 species live in the eastern central and western Africa, the rest in the subtropical and tropical South and Southeast Asia (South-eastern Turkey, India to Malaysia and southern China ).
Features
Garra species have an elongated, cylindrical or slightly flattened body and are 6-30 cm long. A characteristic feature is their lower lip, which is transformed into a sucking disk with edges horny and with which it is possible to fish, attach itself to rocks in flowing water and rocks. One or two pairs of barbels may be present or (rarely ) also missing. The scales of the fish are medium in size, their lateral line is complete and always runs on the flank center. The dorsal fin begins just before the ventral fins approach and has not completely ossified fin ray. Only the longest of the anterior dorsal fin rays may be partially ossified. Overall, the dorsal fin of ten to eleven fin rays are supported. The pectoral fins have the front two or more undivided fin rays. The Cleithrum ( part of the shoulder girdle ) is narrow and long, the Mesethmoid, a skull is viewed from above wider than long.
Species
There are about 100 species:
- Garra aethiopica ( Pellegrin, 1927)
- Garra allostoma Roberts, 1990
- Garra annandalei Hora, 1921
- Garra apogon (Norman, 1925)
- Garra arunachalensis Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013
- Garra arupi Nebeshwar, Vishwanath & Das, 2009
- Garra barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956
- Garra bibarbatus ( Nguyen, 2001)
- Garra bicornuta Narayan Rao, 1920
- Garra birostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013
- Garra bispinosa Zhang, 2005
- Garra blanfordii ( Boulenger, 1901)
- Garra borneensis ( Vaillant, 1902)
- Garra bourreti ( Pellegrin, 1928)
- Garra buettikeri Krupp, 1983
- Garra cambodgiensis ( Tirant, 1883)
- Garra caudofasciata ( Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
- Garra ceylonensis Bleeker, 1863
- Garra compressus Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998
- Garra congoensis Poll, 1959
- Garra cryptonemus ( Cui & Li, 1984)
- Garra Cyclostomata May 1978
- Garra cyrano Kottelat, 2000
- Garra dembecha Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra dembeensis ( Rüppell, 1835)
- Garra dunsirei Banister, 1987
- Garra duobarbis Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra elongata Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000
- Garra ethelwynnae Menon, 1958
- Garra fasciacauda Fowler, 1937
- Garra fisheri ( Fowler, 1937)
- Garra flavatra Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra fuliginosa Fowler, 1934
- Garra geba Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra ghorensis Krupp, 1982
- Garra gotyla Shrestha, 1978
- Garra gracilis ( Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)
- Garra gravelyi ( Annandale, 1919)
- Garra hainanensis Chen & Zheng, 1983
- Garra hughi Silas, 1955
- Garra ignestii ( Gianferrari, 1925)
- Garra imbarbatus ( Nguyen, 2001)
- Garra imberba Garman, 1912
- Garra imberbis ( Vinciguerra, 1890)
- Garra kalakadensis Rema Devi, 1993
- Garra kempi Hora, 1921
- Garra laichowensis Nguyen & Doan, 1969
- Garra Lamta (Hamilton, 1822)
- Garra lancrenonensis Blache & Miton, 1960
- Garra lissorhynchus ( McClelland, 1842)
- Garra litanensis Vishwanath, 1993
- Garra longipinnis Banister & Clarke, 1977
- Garra makiensis ( Boulenger, 1904)
- Garra mamshuqa Krupp, 1983
- Garra manipurensis Vishwanath & Sarjnalini, 1988
- Garra mcclellandi ( Jerdon, 1849)
- Garra Menoni Rema Devi & Indra, 1984
- Garra micropulvinus Zhou, Pan & Kottelat, 2005
- Garra mirofrontis Chu & Cui, 1987
- Garra mullya ( Sykes, 1839)
- Garra naganensis Hora, 1921
- Garra nambulica Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005
- Garra namyaensis Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012
- Garra nasuta ( McClelland, 1838)
- Garra nigricollis Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra notata ( Blyth, 1860)
- Garra nujiangensis Chen, Zhao & Yang, 2009
- Garra orientalis Nichols, 1925
- Garra ornata ( Nichols & Griscom, 1917)
- Garra paralissorhynchus Vishwanath & Shanta Devi, 2005
- Garra periyarensis Gopi, 2001
- Garra persica Berg, 1914
- Garra phillipsi Deraniyagala, 1933
- Garra poecilura Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra poilanei Petit & Tchang, 1933
- Garra propulvinus Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra qiaojiensis Wu & Yao, 1977
- Garra quadratirostris Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013
- Garra quadrimaculata ( Rüppell, 1835)
- Garra rakhinica Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra regressus Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra robustus (Zhang, He, & Chen, 2002)
- Garra rossica ( Nikolskii, 1900)
- Garra rotundinasus Zhang, 2006
- Garra rufa ( Heckel, 1843)
- Garra rupecula ( McClelland, 1839)
- Garra sahilia Krupp, 1983
- Garra salweenica Hora & Mukerji, 1934
- Garra smarti Krupp & Budd, 2009
- Garra spilota Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra surendranathanii Shaji, Arun & Easa, 1996
- Garra tana Getahun & Stiassny, 2007
- Garra tengchongensis Zhang & Chen, 2002
- Garra theunensis Kottelat, 1998
- Garra tibanica Trewavas, 1941
- Garra trewavasai Monod, 1950
- Garra variabilis ( Heckel, 1843)
- Garra vittatula Kullander & Fang, 2004
- Garra wanae ( Regan, 1914)
- Garra waterloti ( Pellegrin, 1935)
- Garra yiliangensis Wu & Chen, 1977