Gas cylinder

A gas bottle (often disposable use ) called with a smaller volume and the gas cartridge is a pressurized container for transport and storage of pressurized gases and vapors. The bottle may have a volume of up to 150 liters, in cash at a nominal pressure of up to 300. Such gas bottles are filled primarily with gases whose critical point is well below the ambient temperature of 20 ° C and therefore can not be liquefied. Important exceptions are bottles with carbon dioxide, acetylene cylinders and LPG cylinders, which are present in liquefied gases.

• 5.1 EN 1089 5.1.1 EN 1089-3 color coding 5.1.1.1 For bottles without special labeling
• 5.1.1.2 For industrial use
• 5.1.1.3 For medical use and for inhalation

• 5.3.1 Gas cylinder valves - valve inlet and valve outlet connections
• 5.3.2 bottleneck thread

Material for tank construction

Depending on the purpose and content of gas cylinders of various materials are used. High purity gases are preferably transported in cylinders made ​​of aluminum or stainless steel, gases for industrial use, mainly in gas and tempered steel cylinders.

For use as a respirator in the emergency service, as a propellant tank in the automotive industry and for use in aircraft and rocket technology, more and more gas bottles put out by comparatively slight fiber composites. The inner layer of such composite or composite gas cylinders forming a so-called thin-walled liner (inner liner). This liner, which can be made ​​of various materials such as steel, stainless steel, aluminum or plastic, ensuring the tightness of the bottle and take the cylinder valve on. Especially high compressive strength of the bottle ( usually 300 bar operating pressure) is attained by the winding of the liner with carbon, aramid or glass fiber under tension and fixing the thus formed outer layer, for example with epoxy resin. Stronger liners are wound only cylindrical, lighter bottles can be reached by thinner liner and winding also shoulder and foot, the easiest - for example for space - are spherical.

Production

The production of seamless steel gas cylinders is a complex and technically demanding process.

Automated systems for the production of seamless hollow bodies up to a length of about 2000 mm generally consist of a heating system with auxiliary and transport facilities, a combined compression and punch press, a Abstreckziehpresse, the central manipulator and support equipment for dispensing and transporting the drawing pieces.

A heated to forging temperature steel square block is preformed in the sizing press and then gets in the hole press by backward extrusion pressing his actual bottle shape. Finally, the resulting bottle with the Abstreckziehpresse to the desired wall thickness and length is calibrated. Then there will be no further mechanical processing more generally.

LPG cylinders

LPG cylinders contain pressurized liquefied gases. Their maximum allowable pressure is determined by the vapor pressure of its contents.

Gas cylinders and LPG bottles are sealed with a special fitting, in which, usually lets screw in conjunction with a pressure regulator, a suitable hose or pipeline for the controlled removal of its contents. Also located on LPG cylinders in the outlet fitting a safety valve which limits the allowable bar pressure in the bottle to about 30, to prevent bursting.

Carbon dioxide bottles

A special position is taken bottles with carbon dioxide. Those containing both liquid as well as gaseous carbon dioxide and are also equipped for gas sampling with a pressure reducing valve. To remove the liquid however, there are special riser bottles, which are exclusively operated without a pressure reducer. The riser pipe located inside allows an almost complete liquid extraction with vertically upright cylinder, to produce the refrigerant dry ice or carbon dioxide snow for fire extinguishing.

Safe handling of gas cylinders

Gas bottles can pose a significant threat if misused. Common accident causes are, inter alia,

Tearing of the valve

Since the valve is the weakest point of a gas cylinder, its protection with a valve protection cap is obligatory. If a gas bottle is damaged by tearing of the valve so that its contents under high pressure exits abruptly, it can be like a bullet fly through the air and so piercing the concrete walls.

Rules of conduct to avoid are:

• Gas cylinders should be secured against tipping over during storage and transport, for example, with chains on the wall or by using special pallets.
• Use of the valve caps always, even if the bottle is stored or transported only
• Do not throw bottles
• Carry bottles only with a crane, if they are in a range
• Do not open the valve with violence ( tools )

Uncontrolled leakage of gas

In patients not fully closed valves or minor spills gas can leak from a gas cylinder. Even with a fairly "harmless" gas such as nitrogen can displace an uncontrolled, relatively slow leakage of the contents of the bottle the need to breathe oxygen out of a room and cause suffocation.

For flammable gases, explosive gas mixtures may be present, which is very easy, for example, be ignited by the actuation of a light switch. Depending on whether the gas has a higher or lower density than air, the risk is highest either in basements or attics.

Rules of conduct to avoid are:

• Store in a well ventilated location, preferably outdoors
• Not transport people and gas bottles together in elevators

Fires with pure oxygen

Pure oxygen is a very good accelerant. The valves of oxygen cylinders may therefore not be greased or oiled. When handling oxygen bottles is always clean, oil - free tool to use.

With drain of oxygen in the environment, other items can ignite, especially if they are oily or dusty.

Standardize

EN 1089

The EN 1089 is a European standard that regulates the labeling of gas cylinders EU-wide binding. The different color and pictorial markings of gas tanks in medicine and technology was perceived as increasing risk and is therefore developing a uniform system in 1997.

The EN EN 1089 Transportable gas cylinders in Germany as DIN - Gas cylinder identification adopted in Austria as same ÖNORM EN 1089 and in Switzerland as SN EN 1089th

• Part 1: stamping
• Part 2: Label
• Part 3: Colour coding

But the conversion entails a risk of confusion, therefore, a long transitional period to 2006 has been set. ( March 1, 2005 as amended) created for the smooth transition was in Austria in addition ÖNORM M 7377 and for the medical field, the ON Rule ONR 112005.

EN 1089-3 color coding

The color coding of gas cylinders provides information on the risk and the content.

The new standard is used in addition to the various connectors bottles in particular, to assess the risk of a bottle from a distance. Finally, it allows to eliminate confusion.

In the transitional period, all bottles have the capital letter N ( for New, New, Nouveau ) on the shoulder, but this signaling will continue to be visible ( although not required). The standard defines contrary to the general opinion, only the bottleneck, but not the coat color. For this reason, bottles can also have a different coat color. In industry, however, the following color schemes was agreed (non-mandatory ):

• Industrial gases: gray or equal to the shoulder, but do not know
• Medicine and inhalation gases: white
• Special and specialty gases: not specified
• Breathing air cylinders of the fire department usually yellow or red

The bottle color does not replace the dangerous goods label. Each bottle must have a hazardous material labels, which are binding on the content information.

The standard does not apply to fire extinguishers and gas cylinders for liquefied petroleum gas ( such as propane or butane and mixtures thereof ), and Aerosols. These LPG cylinders, available in 5 kg, 11 kg or 33 kg capacity, are also color-coded, but with the following meaning:

• Red = Pfandflasche (based on a specific company, exchange possible only in the catchment area of the respective delivery company.)
• Gray = property bottle ( this bottle type can be exchanged easily in Germany and a few neighboring countries. )

The output in the following tables coat color is not required, but it is used frequently. Numbers in brackets colors are possible alternatives.

Color coding according to Standard and RAL

The colors used in this article are displayed differently on each screen and are not binding. One way to calibrate the display with purely visual means approximately, offers the adjacent test pattern (only when the page is not shown zoomed ): Occurs one or more of the three gray areas a letter ( "R" for red, "G" for Green or "B" for blue ) strongly marked, the gamma correction of the corresponding monitor color channel should be corrected. The image is set to a gamma of 2.2 - the usual value for IBM-compatible computer. Apple Macintosh computers, however, use up to and including system 10.5 ( "Leopard" ) by default a gamma value of 1.8, since the system 10.6 ( "Snow Leopard" ) is gamma 2.2 is used.

Color drawings per standard in RAL color system:

For bottles without special labeling

For industrial use

For medical use and for inhalation

EN ISO 11117 (formerly EN 962)

Valves of gas cylinders have according to the standard EN ISO 11117 Gas cylinders - Valve protection caps and valve protection Baskets - Design, construction and tests depending on the type of gas different screw, to avoid confusion. The use of adapters is expressly forbidden in Germany.

DIN 477

Gas cylinder valves - valve inlet and valve outlet connections

Bottleneck thread

• W 19.8 x 1/14 DIN keg 477 ISO 11363 - 17E and 25E taper threads for connection of valves to gas cylinders - Part 1: Specification (ISO 11363-1:2010 )
• W 28.8 x 1/14 DIN keg 477 ISO 11363
• W 31.3 × 1/14 ( acetylene) to DIN 477-7
• M 25 x 2 DIN 477
• Gas cylinder valve protection cap W 80 x 1/11 "to the right

Additional Standards

• EN 720 Transportable gas cylinders - Gases and gas mixtures
• EN ISO 11114 Transportable gas cylinders - Compatibility of materials for gas cylinders and valves to the gas contents
• TRG 280 operation of gas cylinders