Geestharden house

The Jutland radially split Geesthardenhaus, which is also called cimbrisches house or Schleswiger house due to its geographical distribution, is next to the gulf house (or its special shape, the Haubarg ) and ( Low German ) Hall house one of the three basic forms, to which the diversity of forms of farm types based in Schleswig -Holstein. The best known special type of Geesthardenhaus house is the uthlandfriesische house, which is also known as a thatched house.

• 5.1 Geesthardenhaus
• 5.2 Uthlandfriesisches House

Dissemination

Despite its name, you will find the Geesthardenhaus not just in Geesthacht, a hilly landscape, which originated from glacial glacial deposits, but also in the march, the flat alluvial plain on the North Sea coast.

Geesthardenhaus houses are mainly in Southern Schleswig in Germany and Northern Schleswig in Denmark. Their development is still largely unexplored, although nowadays especially the research at the time of National Socialism is questioned partly because at that time was partly trying to bind the house forms ethnicities and so to emphasize territorial claims. However Geesthardenhaus houses are rarely the only design in one region, they often occur together with Vierseithöfen or - especially in the southern part of South Schleswig - with Low German hall houses on.

The uthlandfriesische house with its structural adaptations to flood-prone areas is mostly to be found on the islands and islets in North Frisia.

History

Just like that - with some geographic overlap - south adjacent ( Low German ) Hall house this type of house is considered as a further development of the Bronze Age Germanic Wohnstallhaus house. The Wohnstallhaus house itself has been derived from the outside of the Germanic culture incurred and the more familiar Neolithic longhouse.

Construction

The Geesthardenhaus is a traufständiges nave, with its length and roof area is therefore oriented towards the street. The living area and the business sector are housed under one roof, unlike the Low German hall house but they are not interconnected.

The house has a two column design in which the stator carrying the usually thatched hipped roof, standing near the outside walls. Since the late 18th century, the roof structure rests in the living area on the load-bearing exterior walls. This construction, however, occurs only in areas that were protected by strong levees, but was not taken from the related storm surge prone areas uthlandfriesischen houses: even if the walls and the ground floor of a stator assembly can be destroyed by a flood in pure frame buildings is the probability that the roof remains, quite large, so that the inhabitants could escape to the roof. Since the severe 1962 storm surge newly built holm houses have a frame construction of concrete pillars with deep foundations in order to increase security.

Another feature of the uthlandfriesischen houses is that they were sometimes implemented. There they stood on mounds that were slumped or moisturized throughout the centuries, characterized the house was at risk. Because building materials and especially wood were rare and expensive, it used to be quite common to dismantle the houses and implement when a mound was no longer safe or has been abandoned for other reasons.

The walls of the houses were originally built of sods, clay or wood, but most of the obtained today houses have walls made of burnt bricks. Different types of bricks were used: On the outer wall usually expensive and hard, very weather-resistant bricks were used, while softer and cheaper bricks, called Bleeker, rather for the inside of exterior walls and interior walls were used. Truss structures came and come extremely rare.

Geesthardenhaus houses are usually thatched roofs. Thus, no rainwater accumulates in the thatch, roofs have a very steep angle. Most homes also have a gables with a hip roof over the entrance, so a gable, which is transverse to the roof ridge. This type of construction is to ensure a safe evacuation in case of fire of the house without burning thatch may fall to the fleeing people.

Living area

In the living room are the kitchen and the living rooms, a cellar and the basement rooms above the basement. The kitchen is equipped with a chimney. The living area is usually accessed via a narrow hallway, the cross divides the building and both forward and backward to the garden has an output. This corridor also borders from the living area from the economic sector.

Döns

As Döns, Dönse, Dönz or Dörnsch is called a heated living space in which took place the daily life of the farmhouse. Here was eat, work and in the alcove, which was embedded in the partitions between the rooms, slept.

Since the 16th century, the room was heated by a Bilegger, so a furnace that was fired through the open stove in the kitchen, the only other heated room in the house. In this way, the smoke could not penetrate into the living room. The fuel was wood, peat or - especially on the chronically poor in natural resources holms - used dried cow dung, called Ditten.

Initially, the Bilegger were bricked, but since the 17th century, more and more cast iron Bilegger prevailed that could be provided with quite practical decoration: So had some removable brass buttons, where you could warm the hands or a brass hood, under the you could keep warm food or tea.

Alcove

The one meter wide, 2.50 m high and 1.70 m in length usually very compact alcove could be closed with curtains or wooden hatches, which he was warmer, but difficult to air on the other side and often slightly moist. Often several people have used an alcove, he could be heated with a bed pan in the hot coals or hot water were filled. We slept in a sitting position, said to have been from the superstition out that one of the most death overtakes while lying down.

Even during the economic part of the houses were alcoves, usually for staff and servants.

Pesel

The pesel was the parlor of the farmhouse, which was used only on special occasions. It could not be heated.

Katschur

The Katschur is a sloping part of the ceiling, which arises due to the frame construction of roof system. The ceiling begins from the point at which the roof rests on supports.

Wall tiles

In many Frisian houses the walls of pesel, Döns or basement chamber are lined with Dutch wall tiles, the Delft tiles. On them bible stories, ships or rural scenes with blue or purple glaze are often displayed in round cartridges on a white background, with no repeat motifs.

Several tiles may form together in the form of a tableau also a great subject. In this form often ship designs or floral motifs are shown.

Economic sector

While the basic floor plan in the living area at Geesthardenhaus houses and uthlandfriesischen houses is no different, the rooms in the economic field are distributed differently.

Geesthardenhaus

When Geesthardenhaus connects to the living area is usually a Loo or Loohdiele called threshing on, it follow the barn, a hall and the Bansenraum, were stored in the hay and straw.

All these rooms have been individually developed from the eaves to the street, so that the building to the street had to go several entrances. At the back of the building was also often a long traufseitiger passage which has connected the individual area.

About the entrances to Loo and hall in the economic sphere are often circular dormer windows, so that the inputs could be made ​​higher.

The industry could be expanded by its own design, making an L-shaped building, or even a closed development could occur around a courtyard depending on the orientation of cultivation. In the latter case one speaks of a four-sided.

Uthlandfriesisches House

Even when uthlandfriesischen Haus der Wirtschaft area is separated from the living area, but he has no inputs to the eaves sides of the house, but at the gable end. Can be accessed via a long corridor in the middle of the building just as the Low German Fachhallenhaus house the stables and storerooms. These homes are mostly in a very exposed position and are therefore almost invariably built in west -east direction by the prevailing westerly wind to offer little attack surface. The living area was always on the sheltered eastern side.

• Local design
• Design ( Agriculture)
• Architecture ( Schleswig -Holstein)