Genista tinctoria
Dyer's broom ( Genista tinctoria )
The dyer's broom ( Genista tinctoria ) is a flowering plant in the legume family ( Fabaceae ). This medicinal and dye plant was significant especially in the past as a supplier of a yellow dye.
The characteristics listed below apply specifically subsp for the more widespread subspecies Genista tinctoria. tinctoria, the ordinary dyer's broom. Other common names are: Fire Flower, Eierplatzeln, dyers herb Gilbkraut, Gillblumen, Gilve, rabbits Heather, Heather jewelry, hollow Heath, Jonist, string flowers, devil broom and gorse Wilder.
- 6.1 Use as a medicinal plant
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 Notes and references
- 7.3 External links
Description
Overall, this species is very variable.
Vegetative characteristics
The dyer's broom grows as an upright or ascending branched and bushy shrub that reaches heights of growth of 20 to 60 centimeters. The strong taproot has a length of up to 1 meter. The deeply furrowed branches have a green, hairy or bald pressed bark and are always spineless. The change-constant leaves are evergreen. The simple and ganzrandige leaf blade is at a length of 45 (50 ) mm and a width of 10 mm lanceolate to elliptical. The short stipules are linear - subulate.
Generative features
The flowering period extends from May to August. In terminal, 3-6 cm long, racemose inflorescences many flowers are borne. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth. The calyx is glabrous to hairy. The 8 to 16 mm long, yellow crown is bald.
The legumes are bald. Fruit ripening is from August to September.
Ecology
The dyer's broom is a Chamaephyt and a subshrub, which means the lower, woody part of the stem axis carries the renewal buds and survived the winter.
Root nodules with symbiotic nitrogen -fixing bacteria are present.
Biologically flowers are nectar -less " butterfly flowers with quick mechanism ". Pollination is by bees, Fly, butterflies and beetles. Also, self-pollination is successful.
The black when ripe legumes heat up relatively quickly and jump on when dry, so they are drying spreader.
Toxicology
The dyer's broom is toxic in all its parts. Main ingredients are: about 0.3 % alkaloids as Anagyrin, cytisine, N- Methylcitisin, lupanine, sparteine and Isospartein.
The symptoms of poisoning are similar to those of the broom broom ( Cytisus scoparius ).
Occurrence
The dyer's broom is found in most of Europe. However, he lacks in Ireland, Scandinavia and in the majority of the Iberian Peninsula and Greece. To the east the area extends as far as the Urals. In the Alps it is missing almost completely. In Austria it is absent in Vorarlberg, Tyrol it is extinct. It is found throughout Germany and also in Switzerland.
The dyer's broom grows on dry meadows, heaths and in light oak and pine forests and dry forests. From the plains he rises to altitudes of about 1800 meters. It displays basic moisture and grows on limestone and bedrock, but preferably low lime, loamy soil.
Coastal Dyer's broom
The subspecies coastal dyer's broom ( Genista tinctoria L. subsp. Littoralis ( Corb. ) Rothm. ) Occurs in Germany only in wet meadows of the North Sea coast and the North Sea islands. In Schleswig -Holstein, he is considered high risk. This subspecies reaches only a height of about 20 cm and the legumes are hairy.
Use
The Romans used the dyer's broom for dyeing linen and wool. He played a significant role in England. As the dye supplier twigs, leaves and flowers are used. They contain the yellow dyes genistein and luteolin. The harvest usually takes place before flowering. The color is non-fading. Dyeing is carried out on vorgebeizter wool. By staining with alum the wool by treatment with iron ( II ) sulfate is lemon yellow, dark brown, olive green with copper sulfate. By over-coloring of woad you put forth the " Kendalgrün " in England. The paint color " bulk Yellow" was prepared by mixing with alum and whiting.
Use as a medicinal plant
As a medicinal drug, the dried, harvested at flowering time branches are used.
The active substances are: Chinolizidinalkaloide as cytisine, methylcytisine, Anagyrin; flavonoids; Isoflavones such as genistein; Tannins and essential oils in small quantities.
The dyer's broom acts as a diuretic and will therefore be used to support the treatment of diseases in which an increased amount of urine is desirable, such as renal gravel or prevention of urinary stones. The amount of genistein, a phytoestrogen, that has bound to the estrogen receptor of cancer cells of this species made in recent times again interesting about a possible preventive effect of the isoflavone in the pathogenesis of breast cancer is discussed; as on the potentially protective properties in the development of osteoporosis.
In homeopathy include headache, indigestion, and skin rashes to the application areas of the dyer's broom.