Gentianella

Rough wreath gentian ( Gentianella aspera )

The plant genus wreath gentians ( Gentianella ) belongs to the Gentian family ( Gentianaceae ).

Description

Gentianella species grow as an annual or biennial or perennial herbaceous plants. The decussate leaves are distributed in basal rosettes of leaves or on the stem. The leaf blades are easy.

The flowers are terminal separately or together in zymösen inflorescences. The hermaphrodite flowers are four - or fünfzählig. The four or five sepals are fused. The four or five petals are fused Roehrig. The stamens do not protrude from the corolla tube. The style is short or absent. The scar is bilobed.

It is formed a bivalve capsule fruit with many seeds.

Systematics and distribution

Most Gentianella species are native to South America. Moreover, even species occur in the moderate zones of New Zealand, Australia, Asia, Europe, North America and northwestern Africa.

The genus Gentianella in 1794 by Conrad Moench in Methodus Plantas Horti Botanici et Agri Marburgensis: a staminum situ describendi, p 482 with the type species Gentianella tetrandra Moench. positioned. The genus name is a diminutive Gentianella and simply means directly translated the "little Gentian ". Synonyms for Gentianella Moench are: Aliopsis Omer & Qaiser, Aloitis Raf, Arctogentia Á.Löve, Chionogentias LGAdams, Parajaeschkea Burkill, Pitygentias Gilg, Selatium G.Don. .

The genus belongs to the subtribe Gentianella Swertiinae from the tribe Gentianeae within the family Gentianaceae.

Previously, the wreath gentians ( Gentianella ) were added (Gentiana ) to the genus of gentians, but these two genera today belong to different subtribe. The most obvious distinguishing feature is that in all native to Central Europe Gentianella species in the throat of the corolla a fringed and supplied with vascular bundles scale per corolla lobe is present. It is thus a kind of wreath formed (see name " wreath gentian "). In non-European species this throat scales can also be omitted. From the wreath gentians the Frans gentians ( Gentianopsis ) were separated on the edge fringed corolla lobes and the Haarschlünde ( Comastoma ) with fringed also, but anatomically different built throat shed later.

There are (at about 125 to ) about 250 species in the genus wreath gentians ( Gentianella ). Here is a selection:

• Gentianella acuta ( Michaux ) Hultén; it comes in North America, in Eastern Russia, Mongolia and China at altitudes 0-1500 meters before
• Bitter Frans gentian ( Gentianella amarella (L.) Börner ): native to North America and Europe.
• Chalice Wreath gentian ( Gentianella anisodonta ( Borbás ) Á. Löve & D. Löve )
• Gentianella angustiflora Harry Smith; it comes in Kashmir, Nepal and China ( Xizang ) at altitudes 3400-3800 meters before
• Gentianella anomala ( C.Marquand ) T.N.Ho; it comes in China (Sichuan, Yunnan ) at altitudes 3400-4200 meters before
• Gentianella antarctica ( Kirk) T.N.Ho & S.W.Liu; it occurs in New Zealand
• Gentianella arenaria ( Maximowicz ) T.N.Ho; it comes in China ( Gansu, Qinghai, Xizang ) at altitudes 3400-5400 meters before
• Rough wreath gentian ( Gentianella aspera ( Hegetschw. & Heer) Skalický, Chrtek & J. Gill)
• Austrian crown gentian ( Gentianella austriaca (A. core. & Josh. Nucleus. ) Holub )
• Gentianella azurea ( Bunge) Holub; it comes in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Bhutan, Mongolia, Siberia and China at altitudes 2200-4900 meters before
• Field wreath gentian ( Gentianella campestris (L.) Börner )
• Engadine wreath gentian ( Gentianella engadinensis ( Wettst. ) Holub )
• Gentianella gentianoides ( Franchet ) Harry Smith; it comes in China (Sichuan, Yunnan ) at altitudes 2700-4200 meters before
• German Frans gentian ( Gentianella germanica ( Willd.) Börner )
• Carpathian wreath gentian ( Gentianella lutescens ( Velen. ) Holub )
• Gentianella moorcroftiana ( Wallich ex G.Don ) Airy Shaw; it comes in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Kashmir, Nepal and China ( Xizang ) at altitudes around 4500 meters before
• Dwarf gentian ( Gentianella nana ( Wulfen ) NM Pritch. )
• Hair wreath gentian ( Gentianella pilosa ( Wettst. ) Holub )
• Bohemian gentian ( Gentianella praecox (A. Kern & Jos core ) E. Mayer, Syn: .. . Gentianella bohemica Skalický )
• Gentianella pygmaea ( rule & Schmalhausen ) Harry Smith; it comes in Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Sikkim, India and China ( Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang ) at altitudes 3600-5300 meters before
• Way branching wreath gentian ( Gentianella ramosa ( Hegetschw. ) Holub )
• Rhaetian wreath gentian, or misleading German wreath gentian, ( Gentianella rhaetica ( A.Kern. & Jos.Kern. ) Á.Löve & D.Löve )
• Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Small: native to North America (Canada and USA)
• Styrian wreath gentian ( Gentianella styriaca nom. Nud. )
• Tender gentian ( Gentianella tenella ( Rottb. ) Börner )
• Gentianella turkestanorum ( Gandoger ) Holub; it is found in Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Russia, Mongolia and China ( Xinjiang ) and here at altitude 1500-3100 meters.

Pictures

Rough Gentian wreath ( Gentianella aspera ) inflorescence

Austrian crown gentian ( Gentianella austriaca )

Field wreath gentian ( Gentianella campestris )

German Frans gentian ( Gentianella germanica )

Bohemian gentian ( Gentianella praecox )

Swell

• Ting- tion Ho & James S. Pringle: Gentianaceae in the Flora of China, Volume 16, 1995, pp. 136 ff: Gentianella - Online. (Section Description, systematics )
• Entry in the Gentianaceae site.
• Klaus Bernhard von Hagen & Joachim W. Kadereit: The phylogeny of Gentianella ( Gentianaceae ) and its colonization of the southern hemisphere as revealed by nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence variation, In: . Organisms Diversity Evol, 1 2001, pp. 61-79.
• Lena Struwe, Joachim W. Kadereit, Jens Clack Mountain, Siwert Nilsson, Mike Thiv, Klaus Bernhard von Hagen, & Victor A. Albert: . Systematics, character evolution, and biogeography of Gentianaceae, including a new tribal and subtribal classification, page 21 -309, In: Lena Struwe & Victor A. Albert (Editor), Gentianaceae: Systematics and Natural History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002.