George Enescu

George Enescu ( born August 19, 1881 in Liveni Vîrnav today: George Enescu in the county of Botosani, † May 4, 1955 in Paris, French spelling: Georges Enesco; Romanian pronunciation: d͡ʒe̯ord͡ʒe enesku ) was a Romanian composer, violinist, conductor and music teacher.

Life

Enescu played with violin four years, with five he composed, and his first teachers was located the composer Eduard Caudella. 1888 to 1894 he studied in Vienna, among others, Josef Hellmesberger junior, Ernst Ludwig and Robert Fuchs. Already in 1889 he made his debut as a violinist publicly. 1895 to 1899, he completed additional studies in composition at the Paris Conservatoire with André Gedalge, Jules Massenet and Gabriel Fauré, to his fellow students included Maurice Ravel, Florent Schmitt and Charles Koechlin. 1898 rang in the Concerts Colonne his Opus 1, the Poème roumain; In the same year he began to conduct in Bucharest.

In 1902, Enescu with Louis Fournier and Alfredo Casella Piano Trio, 1904, the Enescu Quartet. However, parallel to his activities in Paris, he also acted in his home country, where he owned a house in Sinaia. He called 1912 in Bucharest Enescu Prize for Composition in life and headed in 1914 the first complete performance of Beethoven's 9th Symphony in Romania. In 1917, he founded the George Enescu Symphony Orchestra in Iasi and finally the society of Romanian composers. In 1921, he opened with his Lohengrin, conducted the Opera Naţională Bucureşti and found in 1932 by his musicological studies included in the Romanian Academy. 1937 Enescu married the great love of his life, Maria Cantacuzino ( 1878-1969 ), called Maruca ( nee Tescanu Rosetti ). The magnificent Art Nouveau palace of the royal family in the Bucharest Calea Victoriei Cantacuzino became the home ( and now a museum ) Enescu. After a concert tour in the United States in the fall of 1946, however, Enescu returned in protest against the communist government not to return to Romania. He is buried in Paris at the Père Lachaise Cemetery.

Performance

As a teacher, he was not only in France ( Conservatoire de Paris ) and Romania, but also in Siena, at the Mannes College of Music in New York and other American schools and universities operate; to his students, among other Christian Ferras, Ivry Gitlis, Arthur Grumiaux, Leroy Anderson and Yehudi Menuhin.

These diverse activities as a violinist, conductor, teacher, musicologist and organizer Enescu left little time for composition. So his catalog is manageable, and the individual works have partially long generation times. His most important work, the opera Oedipe, built in the years 1921-1931; some pieces, as his second string quartet and vocal symphonic poem Vox maris, exist in several versions, and several compositions, the 4th and 5th symphony remained unfinished ( and in 2004 and 2005 by Pascal Bentoiu completed ). Misleading is the count of the opus numbers; Enescu used to summarize groups of works under a number, even if decades were between its creation.

The compositional style Enescu is hard to grasp; it varies between an oriented to Richard Wagner monumental romance in the First Symphony (1903), French influence in the Sept chansons de Clément Marot (1908), neo-baroque tendencies in the second orchestral suite (1915 ) and a very individual modern expression, as in many chamber music works, the opera Oedipe and the chamber Symphony (1954 ), his last work. But the general public is Enescu only with the inspired by Romanian folk songs known: the third Violin Sonata dans le caractère populaire roumain (1926 ), the third orchestral suite villageoise (1938 ), but especially with the two Romanian Rhapsodies, Op 11 (1901 ), whose popularity even its creator was unpleasant. You adjusting today the view of the multifaceted oeuvre of important Romanian composers.

Works

• Operas Oedipe. Lyrical tragedy op.23 ( 1921-31; UA 1936)

• 4 Early symphonies (d- Moll, 1894, F -Dur, 1895, F -Dur, 1896, Es-Dur, 1898)
• Symphony No. 1 in E flat major, Op 13 (1905 )
• Symphony No. 2 in A major, Op 17 ( 1912-14 )
• Symphony No. 3 in C major, Op 21 for piano, chorus and orchestra ( 1916-18, rev. 1921)
• Symphony No. 4 in E minor (1934, unfinished, performance version created by Pascal Bentoiu )
• Symphony No. 5 in D major for tenor, female choir and orchestra (1941, unfinished, performance version created by Pascal Bentoiu )

• 3 Overtures ( 1891-94 )
• Tragic Overture (1895 )
• Triumphant Overture ( 1896)
• Violin Concerto in A minor (1896 )
• Fantasy for Piano and Orchestra ( 1896)
• Piano Concerto (1897, unfinished)
• Roumaine Suite No. 1 (1896, unfinished)
• Roumaine Suite No. 2 ( 1897)
• Poème roumain op 1 with male chorus (1897 )
• Symphonie concertante in B Minor for Cello and Orchestra, Op 8 (1901 )
• Suite No. 1 in C major, Op 9 (1903 )
• 2 Rhapsodies, Op Roumaines 11 (1901 )
• 2 interludes for Strings, Op 12 ( 1902/ 03)
• Suite châtelaine (1911; fragment)
• Suite No. 2 in C major, Op 20 (1915 )
• Suite No. 3 in D major op villageoise 27 (1937 /38)
• Concert Overture sur of thèmes dans le caractère populaire roumain A- flat major, Op 32 (1948 )

• Piano Quintet (1895 )
• Piano Trio ( 1897)
• Violin Sonata No. 1 in D major, Op 2 (1897 )
• Cello Sonata No. 1 in F minor, Op 26 No 1 ( 1898)
• Aubade for String Trio ( 1899)
• Violin Sonata No. 2 in F minor, Op 6 (1899 )
• Andante religioso for 2 cellos and organ ( 1900)
• String Octet in C major, Op 7 (1900)
• Allegro de concert for harp (1904 )
• Bläserdezett D major, Op 14 (1906 )
• Concert Piece for Viola and Piano ( 1906)
• Piano Quartet No. 1 in D major, Op 16 (1909 )
• Piano Trio in A minor (1916 )
• String Quartet No. 1 in E flat major, Op 22 No 1 ( 1916-20 )
• Violin Sonata No. 3 in A minor, dans le caractère populaire roumain op 25 (1926 )
• Cello Sonata No. 2 in C major op.26 No. 2 ( 1935)
• Impressions d' enfance for violin and piano, Op 28 (1940 )
• Piano Quintet in A minor, Op 29 (1940 )
• Piano Quartet No. 2 in D minor, Op 30 (1943 /44)
• String Quartet No. 2 in G major, Opus 22 No. 2 ( 1950-53 )
• Chamber Symphony for 12 instruments in E major, Op 33 (1954 )
• Legend for Trumpet and Piano

• Scherzo ( 1896)
• Piano Suite No. 1 in G minor dans le style ancien op 3 (1897 )
• Variations for Piano, Op 5 2 (1898 )
• Piano Suite No. 2 in D major op.10 ( 1901-03 )
• Prelude and Fugue (1903 )
• Nocturne (1907 )
• Piano Suite No. 3 Pièces impromptues op 18 ( 1913-16 )
• Pièce sur le nom de Fauré (1922 )
• Piano Sonata No. 1 in F sharp minor, Op 24 No 1 ( 1924)
• Piano Sonata (No. 2) in D major, Op 24 No 3 ( 1933-35 ) (The Sonata Opus 24 No. 2 was never written down. )

• L' aurore for soprano, female choir and orchestra (1897 /98)
• Vox maris. Symphonic poem for soprano, tenor, chorus and orchestra, Op 31 ( 1929-51 )
• Linişte ( Silence) (1946 )

• Trois mélodies Opus 4 (1898 )
• Sept chansons de Clément Marot, Op 15 (1908 )
• 3 melodii op.19 (1915 /16)
• About 25 more songs