Georgi Plekhanov

Georgi whales Plekhanov (Russian Георгий Валентинович Плеханов, scientific transliteration Georgy Plekhanov Valentinovič; * 29 Novemberjul / December 11 1856greg in Gudalowka today to Lipetsk Oblast, .. † May 30, 1918 in Terijoki, at that time belonging to Finland, today Zelenogorsk ) was a Russian journalist and philosopher who combined the experiences of the failure of Russian folk enthusiastic and socially revolutionary terrorist movement, the Populists, and the Western European Marxism.

  • 2.1 fonts (chronological)
  • 2.2 Article " New Time "
  • 2.3 translations

Life

Supporters of the Populists

Plekhanov came from a family of medium-sized Russian landed gentry, but joined already in his youth, the revolutionary movement. In 1876, he was 20 - year-old student speakers were shown in the first Russian workers ' demonstration of the red flags. First, he was close to the Populists, but soon distanced himself from the violent terrorist methods. In the group "Black redistribution " he pursued agarsozialistische goals. Unlike other Narodniki the young Plekhanov pointed in his first theoretical writings on the importance of closely associated with the peasantry, the urban working that still held as the peasants of the old community ideals.

Exile and the group Liberation of Labor

In 1880 he went into exile in Switzerland, where he remained until the February Revolution. In exile, he was influenced plenty of Marxist literature of Western Europe.

He was the spiritual father and first leader of the Russian Social Democracy, at its foundation in 1883 in Geneva, he participated. The group Liberation of Labor ( Освобождение труда ), which was founded by Plekhanov, Pavel Borisovich Axelrod, Vera Zasulitch, L. and W. German Ignatov, set the goal of socialist literature of Europe translate into Russian and the Populists in Russia fight. In this context, Plekhanov wrote own theoretical writings, in which he referred to the development of capitalism in Russia and the leading role of the working class in the liberation movement. According to him, the Russian working class would first the process of Europeanization of Russia, which was launched at the beginning of the 18th century by Peter the Great, bring to a conclusion and fight for political freedom before she could aspire to socialism.

His writing socialism and political struggle (1883 ) introduced a completely new concept in the history of the Russian socialist movement dar. In this paper pointed Plekhanov pointed out that the villagers because of the backward conditions not only less than the industrial proletariat capable of political initiative, but less receptive to revolutionary ideas was. Therefore, the industrial proletariat would take the leading role and fight for democracy and socialism. In order to seize power, the working class would have to form their own political party, rather than their energy to consume conspiracy behind the strategies of the Populists. But this presupposes an enlightened working class. Under the conditions of Russia, where there is neither a modern economy was still an organized proletariat, a revolutionary dictatorship of the intelligentsia could have fatal consequences. You could be the company leading to a patriarchal and authoritarian communism, a socialist caste would lead the national production. The basic concept of this work found its expression in the 1880s in two draft programs for a Social Democratic Workers' Party of Russia.

In his subsequent theoretical writings he repeatedly pointed to the capitalist progress in Russia and pointed out that this development will inevitably cause a strong labor movement. In his book Our Differences (1885 ), he sharply criticized the Populists and showed statistically that the irreversible capitalist economic conditions led to the demise of the village community. What to do after Plekhanov, was to build a revolutionary workers party as soon as possible. The Labour Party could develop for him only in close connection with the international socialism. He took with other Russian socialists in the founding congress of the Second International in Paris, where he told the Populists: " The revolutionary movement will triumph in Russia as a workers' movement, or they will never triumph. "

The second part of our disagreement was entitled the History of the Development of the Monist View of History. At this plant, " a generation of Russian Marxists educated" was Lenin. Plekhanov pointed out in this book suggest that Russia could no longer leave the path of capitalist development, which it had entered after 1861. The village community, so Marx saw under circumstances as the " base of social rebirth of Russia " to a possibility of socialism, that had to be destroyed by capitalism, according to Plekhanov. Those who could rid the land, were not farmers, but the labor movement in alliance with other revolutionary social layers.

International Plekhanov became known for his work on historical materialism.

Along with Axelrod, he was among the first critics of economism:

Even in Leninism was Plekhanov despite the political discrimination but more as an authority.

Work

Writings (chronological)

  • N. G. Chernyshevsky. JHW Dietz, Stuttgart 1894 (2nd edition bookstore "forward" Paul Singer, Berlin 1911, 3rd edition, Berlin 1920).
  • Anarchism and socialism. Publisher of the expedition of the "forward", Berlin 1894 ( digitized ).
  • Contributions to the History of Materialism. I.Holbach. II.Helvetius. III.Marx. J. H. W.Dietz, Stuttgart 1896.
  • Henrik Ibsen. JHW Dietz, Stuttgart 1908 ( Ergänzungshefte to the New Era No. 3).
  • The Basic Problems of Marxism. Authorized translation by M. Nachimson. Publisher J.H.W. Nachf. Dietz, Stuttgart 1910 ( also "Little Library ", Stuttgart 1920).
  • N. Lenin / G. Plekhanov: L.N. Tolstoy in the mirror of Marxism. A collection of essays with an introduction by WM Fritsche. Publisher of literature and politics, Vienna / Berlin 1928.
  • The Basic Problems of Marxism. Edited by D. Ryazanov. Authorized translator's from the Russian by Charles Schmückle. Publisher of literature and politics, Vienna / Berlin 1929 ( Marxist Library Volume 21 ).
  • About the role of personality in history. Verlag Neuer Weg, Berlin, 1945.
  • About materialist conception of history. Verlag Neuer Weg, Berlin, 1946.
  • Contributions to the History of Materialism. Holbach, Helvetius Marx. Verlag Neuer Weg, Berlin, 1946.
  • Art and literature. Foreword by M. Rosental. Editors. and N. F. Beltschikow comment. Trans. by Joseph Harhammer. Dietz Verlag, Berlin, 1955.
  • About the role of personality in history. Verlag Philipp Reclam, Leipzig 1965.
  • Alexander Ushakov / Pyotr Nikolajw (ed.): Art and social life. deb publishing the European book, Berlin 1975 ISBN 3-920303-18-0.
  • The Basic Problems of Marxism. Progress Publishers, Moscow 1975.
  • On the question of the development of the Monist View of History. Dietz Verlag, Berlin, 1975 ( License Issue: Publishing Marxist leaves, Frankfurt am Main in 1975 ISBN 3-88012-337-3.
  • Contributions to the History of Materialism. JHWDietz Nachf., Berlin / Bonn-Bad Godesberg in 1975.
  • About the role of personality in history. Publisher Marxist leaves, Frankfurt am Main in 1976 ISBN 3-88012-419-1.
  • For Hegel's sixtieth anniversary of his death. In Appendix: BA Chagin: GV Plekhanov - An outstanding theoretician of Marxism. Working-class culture publisher / Edition Culture and class, Dusseldorf 1978.
  • Socialism and political struggle. VTK, Frankfurt am Main / Gelsenkirchen in 1980 ISBN 3-88599-000-8.
  • A critique of our critics. Writings from 1898 to 1911). Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1982.
  • Anarchism and socialism. New ISP -Verlag, Cologne 1995 ISBN 978-3-929008-87-6.
  • The revolutions of 1917. BasisDr, Berlin 1997 ISBN 3-86163-090-7.
  • 1917 - between revolution and democracy. A selection of articles and speeches from the years 1917 and 1918. Berlin debate, Berlin 2001 ISBN 3-931703-81-9.

Article " New Time "

  • Bernstein and materialism In: The New Era: Review of intellectual and public life. 1897-98, Vol 2 (1898 ), Issue 44, pp. 545-555.
  • The relief of the peasants liability in Russia. In: The new time. 1903-1904, Vol 1 (1904 ), No. 7, pp. 199-205.
  • The proletarian movement and the bourgeois art. In: The new Zeit.1905 1906, Vol 2 (1906 ), No. 27, pp. 10-25.
  • The socio-political conditions of Russia in 1890. In: The new Zeit.1890 -91, Vol 2 (1891 ), No. 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 and 52 p 661-668, 691-696, 731 -739, 765-770, 791-800 and 827-834.
  • The civilization and the great historical rivers. In: The new time. 1890-91, vol 1 (1891 ), Issue 14, pp. 437-448
  • G. J. Uspensky. The volksthümliche Fiction and the modern development of Russia. A literary study. In: The new time. 1891-92, Vol 2 (1892 ), No. 48, 49, 50, 51 and 52, pp. 678-683, 718-723, 750-757, 786-794 and 819-822.
  • Konrad Schmidt against Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. In: The new time. 1898-99, vol 1 (1899 ), No. 5, pp. 133-145.
  • Materialism or Kantianism? . In: The new time. 1898-99, vol 1 (1899 ), No. 19 and 20, pp. 589-596 and 626-632.
  • N. G. Chernyshevsky. In: The new time. (1890 ), No. 8 and 9, pp. 353- 376und 404-442.
  • Russia against a regime change. In: The new time. 1894-95, vol 1 (1895 ), No. 8 and 9, pp. 228-234 and 266-273.
  • About the origins of the doctrine of the class struggle. In: The new time. 1902-1903, Vol 1 (1903 ), No. 9 and 10, pp. 275-286 and 292-305.
  • As the bourgeoisie of their revolution does. In: The new time. 1890-91, vol 1 (1891 ), No. 4 and 5, pp. 97-102 and 135-140.
  • For Hegel 's sixtieth anniversary of his death. In: The new time. . 1891 to 92.1 vol (1892 ), No. 7, 8 and 9, pp. 198-203, 236-243 and 273-282.

Translations

Zelenogorsk, Saint Petersburg Vladimir Lenin Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy Integrated Authority File
368881
de