Ghain

Gain ( غ ) (also Ġayn; غين ) is the 19th letter of the Arabic alphabet. He is assigned the numerical value 1000. Gain is a diacritical variant of the 18th letter ʿ Ain ( ع ).

Formation

In contrast to most other Arabic letters the Ghain arose not directly from a Phoenician letters. In the early days of the Arabic language were missing the diacritical points, Ghain was written just as the Ain. To distinguish the two letters of the Ghain later point has been added.

Phonetic value and inscription

The Ghain can be realized as a voiced velar fricative or uvular ( [ ɣ ] ~ [ ʁ ] ) and thus corresponds roughly to the " uvular R" of the High German standard pronunciation. It is clearly " tongue R " to distinguish it from occurring in some dialects, since this is also provided in the form of sound in the Arab Ra. In Persian, the pronunciation as voiced uvular plosive ( [ ɢ ] ) is encountered.

In the DMG romanization the Ghain is as g with a dot above shown (G). In the non-scientific transcription is mostly used "gh ".

Graphical modifications

Sometimes a Ghain is in Arabic dictionaries, atlases, etc. to meet with three instead of one point. This letter serves to ensure the correct pronunciation of the "g" sound in foreign names, which does not occur in Scripture Arabic. In Jawi this character is, however, for a voiced velar nasal [ ŋ ].

Ghain in Unicode

Basic Alphabet: ا (Alif ) · ب ( Bā ʾ ) · ت ( Tā ʾ ) · ث (ta ʾ ) · ج ( Ǧīm ) · ح (ha ʾ ) · خ (ha ʾ ) · د ( DAL) · ذ ( DAL) · ر (ra ʾ ) · ز ( zay ) · س (sin ) · ش (sin ) · ص (SAD) · ض (DAD ) · ط (ta ʾ ) · ظ ( Za ʾ ) · ع ( ʿ Ain) · غ ( gAIN) · ف (fa ʾ ) · ق ( qaf ) · ك ( Kāf ) · ل ( Lām ) · م ( Mim ) · ن ( Nun) · ه (ha ʾ ) · و ( Waw ) · ي ( ya ʾ )

Additional sign: ء ( hamza ) · آ ( Madda ) · ة ( Tā ʾ marbuta ) · ى ( alif maqsura ) · لا ( Lām Alif )

Vowels: fatha Kasra · · · damma sukun · · Tašdīd Wasla

Extensions: پ (Pe ) · چ ( Czech ) · ژ (PA) · گ ( Gaf ) · ڭ ( NEF) · ڤ (Ve) · ۋ (Ve)

• Arabic Script