Glechoma

Ground ivy ( Glechoma hederacea )

Ground ivy ( Glechoma ) is a genus in the mint family ( Lamiaceae). The eight species are naturally distributed in Eurasia.

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The ivy species are prostrate, ausdauerndekrautige plants. Your stem leaves are heart-shaped to elliptic, even slightly kidney -shaped. The leaf margin is notched or toothed.

Generative features

The inflorescences are einseitswendige Scheinquirle that are in leaf axils and contain two to five flowers. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth. The weak double lip calyx is tubular and bell-shaped with 15 nerves; the upper lip three - and the lower lip is bidentate. The blue-violet crown is zygomorph zweilippig. The crown is and longer than the calyx. The corolla tube is greatly extended straight forward and the inside does not have a hair wreath. The upper lip is flat and emarginate, the lower lip is columns with a large median lobe, which is emarginate and bearded. Of the four fertile stamens, two long and two short, there are all shorter than the crown. The two anther halves spread apart, approaching in pairs and form a cross. The stylus is longer than the upper lip of the crown.

Ecology

Ecologically flowers are flowers with nectar lip, they are protandrous and are mainly pollinated by bumblebees.

The vegetative propagation via spurs ( stolons ). The partial fruits are spread by Klebausbreitung ( Epizoochorie ). The partial fruits are also spread by ants, but do not have Elaiosom, but a verschleimendes pericarp.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Glechoma was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus, named " Glecoma ". The genus name is derived from the Greek Glechoma glechon, bringing the Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium ) was called. The name was transferred by Linnaeus to this genus, the reasons are not clear.

The genus belongs to the subtribe Glechoma Nepetinae from the tribe Mentheae in the subfamily Nepetoideae within the Lamiaceae family. Synonyms for Glechoma L. are: Chamaecissos Lunell, Chamaeclema Moench, Glechonion St. lag, Meehaniopsis Kudo. .

The genus Glechoma is naturally widespread in Eurasia. In China, five species occur. In the New World they are cultivated. In Europe and in Central Europe, the three types of ivy come ( Glechoma hederacea ), Long Haired ground ivy ( Glechoma hirsuta ), Sardinian ivy before ( Glechoma sardoa ) and a Naturhyride.

There are about eight species Glechoma:

  • Glechoma biondiana ( Diels ) CYWu & C.Chen ( Syn: Dracocephalum biondianum Diels, Meehaniopsis biondiana ( Diels ) Kudo ): The three varieties thrive in fertile, moist forest edges and along streams at elevations from 1000 to 2200 meters in the Chinese Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi and Sichuan.
  • Glechoma grandis ( A. Gray ) Kuprian. It occurs only in Japan, Taiwan and the Chinese province of Jiangsu.
  • Ground ivy ( Glechoma hederacea L.): She's from Europe to the Asian part of Russia and in the Chinese province of Xinjiang spread (only in Gongliu Xian).
  • Longhair - ivy ( Glechoma hirsuta Waldst & Kit. . ): The north-west frontier of the area passes through South Tyrol, South and East Austria and Moravia.
  • Glechoma longituba ( Nakai ) Kuprian. It is widespread in Russia, Korea and China. It is used in China as a medicinal plant.
  • Glechoma × pannonica Borbás ( Glechoma hederacea = Glechoma hirsuta x ): This natural hybrid occurs in Europe.
  • Sardinian ground ivy ( Glechoma sardoa ( Beg ) Beg, Syn. Glechoma hederacea var sardoa Beg. ): It occurs in Sardinia and perhaps in Corsica.
  • Glechoma sino grandis CYWu: It thrives in moist mixed forests along streams at elevations of 2000 to 3000 meters only in the Chinese province of Yunnan. It is used in China as a medicinal plant.

Documents

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Exkursionsflora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd revised edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Centre of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9.
  • Siegmund Seybold (ed.): Schmeil - Fitschen interactive. CD -ROM, Version 1.1, Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6.
Perennial plant Elaiosome Range (biology) Werner Greuter Agricultural Research Service
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