Glomerales

The Jochtrüffelartigen ( Glomerales ) are an order of fungi that form a symbiosis ( mycorrhiza ) with lots of plants.

Features

The fungi form in soil and plant roots unseptierte hyphae only in older hyphae septa may be formed when the cytoplasm is re-formed, or pinch off the spores. Within the root cells vesicles or arbuscules are formed. Asexual reproduction occurs by chlamydospores ( Morton & Redecker (2001) glomoide called spores ), which are mostly terminal, formed as a terminal, sometimes they are also formed intercalary. The spores can be used individually, formed in bundles or in Sporokarpien. From other orders of the Glomeromycota they differ genetically: ssu rRNA gene sequence you have the YTRRY/2-5/RYYARGTYGNCARCTTCTTAGAGGGACTATCGGTGTYTAACCGRTGG corresponding to the homologous position 1353 of the SSU rRNA sequence J01353 Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Ecology and life

The mushrooms are almost always hypogeous, that is, growing in the soil, rarely epigeal, so growing on the soil surface. They always form a mycorrhizal symbiosis with a variety of plant species. They provide the plant nutrients (especially phosphorus ) and water and get themselves a part of the assimilates produced by photosynthesis. Characteristically, they form so-called vesicles and arbuscules in the roots.

System

Since the Jochtrüffelartigen have few morphological features for differentiation, most species have been recorded to the genus Glomus. Using molecular biology techniques, it was found that the genus is polyphyletic. Now the species are divided into five genera in two families:

• Glomeraceae Glomus
• Funneliformis: formerly belonging to Glomus, species of Glomus mosseae clade to ( Glomus group Aa )
• Rhizophagus: formerly belonging to Glomus, species of clade intraradices to Glomus ( Glomus group Ab )
• Sclerocystis: basal species of Glomus in previous ex- group

• Claroideoglomeraceae Claroideoglomus: former Glomus group B, ( Glomus claroideum clade )

Swell

• Arthur Schuessler, Daniel Schwarzott, Christopher Walker, 2001 A new fungal phylum, the Glomeromycota: . Phylogeny and evolution. Mycol. Res 105: 1413-1421. doi: 10.1017/S0953756201005196