Gnathostomulid

  • Filospermoidea
  • Bursovaginoidea

The gnathostomulids ( Gnathostomulida ) are small, one to four millimeters long marine worms that are counted for meiofauna. The 91 species live mainly in sands with a high content of sulfides and organic matter. All species are hermaphrodites. The first specimens were discovered in 1928 by Adolf Remane.

The name derives from the jaw pair at the front end of the animal. The ectoderm consists of monociliären cells, meaning that each cell only has a cilium. This monciliären cells occurred even with the " subdivision " of the Bilateria and are at the Gnathostomulida unlike the flatworms ( Platyhelminthes ) still preserved. At the stroke of the cilia they move both forwards and backwards.

As amended, the protonephridia: Here are lined up in the body several organs. With every single organ, the terminal cell only has a cilium.

Gnathostomulids are fossil unoccupied. Because of the similar jaw apparatus and the protonephridia one assumes a relationship with the rotifers ( Rotifera ) and the Bauchhärlingen ( Gastrotricha ).

System

The systematics of gnathostomulids based on a work of the Austrian marine biologist Wolfgang Sterrer, former director of the Bermuda Biological Station, from the year 1972.

  • Order Bursovaginoidea Sterrer, 1972 Subordination Conophoralia Sterrer, 1972 Family Austrognathiidae Sterrer, 1972 Austrognatharia Sterrer, 1971
  • Austrognathia Sterrer, 1965
  • Triplignathia Sterrer, 1991
  • Family Agnathiellidae Sterrer, 1972 Agnathiella Sterrer, 1971
  • Paragnathiella Sterrer, 1997
  • Clausognathia Sterrer, 1992
  • Gnathostomaria Ax, 1956
  • Corculognathia Ehlers & Ehlers, 1973
  • Gnathostomula Ax, 1956
  • Ratugnathia Sterrer, 1991
  • Semaeognathia Riedl 1970
  • Labidognathia Riedl 1970
  • Mesognatharia Sterrer, 1966
  • Tenuignathia Sterrer, 1976
  • Goannagnathia Sterrer, 2001
  • Nanognathia Sterrer, 1972
  • Onychognathia Riedl, 1971
  • Valvognathia Kristensen & Norrevang, 1978
  • Vampyrognathia Sterrer, 1998
  • Paucidentula Sterrer, 1998
  • Problognathia Sterrer & Farris, 1975
  • Rastrognathia Kristensen & Norrevang, 1977
  • Order Filospermoidea Sterrer, 1972 Family Haplognathiidae Sterrer, 1972 Haplognathia Sterrer, 1970
  • Cosmognathia Sterrer, 1991
  • Pterognathia Sterrer, 1966
Eumetazoa Platyzoa Rupert Riedl
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