Grand Council of Fascism

The Fascist Grand Council ( Gran Consiglio del Fascismo Italian ) was the foundation of Benito Mussolini fascist government to in Italy. 1922 Mussolini was Prime Minister since 30 October. The Council was formed on December 27, 1922. That the Constitution of the Kingdom of Italy ( Statuto Albertino ) not foreseen Panel was recognized by the constitution by breaking the law of 9 December 1928 as a state organ. The Council exercised great power over all institutions of the Italian state.

Construction

The following members were members of the Council:

Leader and head of government

  • Benito Mussolini ( to 25 July 1943),

The Quadrumviri

The four leaders of the March on Rome in 1922:

Representatives of state and party bodies

  • The President of senate
  • Chamber of Deputies, 1939-1943 Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni
  • The Minister following areas: justice
  • Foreign
  • Agriculture and Forestry
  • Education
  • Folk Culture
  • The chairmen of the following institutions and organizations: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei ( 1939-1943 with the Accademia d' Italia forcibly united )
  • Special Court for State Security ( Tribunale Speciale per la Sicurezza dello Stato )
  • Corporation of the Industrial
  • Agricultural workers
  • Industrial workers
  • Farmers
  • The commander of the Militia volontaria per Sicurezza La Nazionale
  • The General Secretary of the National Fascist Party ( at the same time General Secretary of the Grand Council )

Individuals

  • Various personally selected by Mussolini individuals

Tasks

In essence, the Fascist Grand Council the following duties and powers had:

Within the National Fascist Party

  • Choice of the Fascist Party MPs
  • Election of the Secretary General of the party and other party offices
  • Rubber stamp of the party constitution
  • Policy-making power in party politics

Outside the National Fascist Party

  • Hearing in the choice of the heir
  • Election of the Prime Minister
  • Selection of projects proposed by the professional members of the chamber (see references below)
  • Decision on the function and composition of the Grand Council
  • Decision powers of the Prime Minister, through international treaties and foreign affairs

In a meeting in May 1936, proclaimed as the Italian " Impero ".

The Grand Council was convened by the Prime Minister. All regulations and laws could come into force only with his consent.

The Fascist Grand Council nevertheless succeeded the bloodless overthrow of Mussolini by overran it by a resolution demanding his removal. This was followed Mussolini's dismissal by the king.

Decision mode

Normally, the resolutions were unanimously in favor of the points presented by Mussolini in the respective agenda.

Only two exceptions were: At the meeting of 13 February 1923 resolved that the membership of the Freemasons with the party membership in the National Fascist Party ( Partito National Fascista, PNF) was inconsistent. Some members of the Council voted against the proposal because they were Freemasons ( Balbo, Acerbo, Rossi, Dudan ), others agreed, although, or perhaps because also Freemasons, for the incompatibility.

Mussolini's dismissal

A destructive for Mussolini result brought the afternoon of July 24, 1943 beginning last meeting of the Fascist Grand Council. After a long discussion it was decided in the early morning hours of July 25, 1943 with nineteen against eight votes at the request of Dino Grandi, with one abstention, the removal of the Duce and the return of power to the King Vittorio Emanuele III. , Mussolini by Pietro wanted to replace Badoglio and connect peace with the Allies. Among the nineteen votes for the dismissal of Mussolini were among the other of his son, the former Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano, and the very old " Marshal of Italy" Emilio De Bono.

After deposing Mussolini was imprisoned at the instigation of the Italian king on the Gran Sasso in Abruzzo, but despite secrecy on 12 Sept. 1943 freed by the Germans, so he once again was able to install a Fascist state in northern Italy, the Republic of Salo. The two mentioned prominent apostates were sentenced along with three less prominent persons among the " Nineteen " in the period beginning on January 8, 1944 three-day show trial from Verona to death and immediately executed on 11 January 1944.

Palazzo Venezia Verona trial
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