Gressoney (AO)
45.8066666666677.8238888888889Koordinaten: 45 ° 48 ' 24 "N, 7 ° 49' 26" E
Gressoney ( Walser German Greschôney or Greschunei on German sporadically in the Germanized form Kressenau ) is a valley south of the Monte Rosa massif in the Italian region of Valle d'Aosta. It consists of two communities, Gressoney -La- Trinité ( Walser German top with the center en de Tache, 1'624 m above sea level. M. ) and Gressoney -Saint -Jean ( Walser German middle section with the center square or destruction Chilchu, 1,385 m above sea level. M., and [ lower part of municipality ] base), where La -Trinité is located in the valley above the village of Saint- Jean and the larger of the two.
Geography
Outside the church down the valley in the south extending Val de Gressoney are currently the localities Gaby ( Walser German Goabi ) and Issime ( Walser German Eischeme ). The valley is drained by the Lys ( Walser German Liisu / Leisu ) that near the Swiss border arises from the Lysgletscher and ends at Pont -Saint -Martin in the Dora Baltea / Doire Baltée.
Language and History
Gressoney is a traditionally German -speaking community, whose population had immigrated in the 12th century by the Swiss Zermatt forth across the Theodulpass and by the supreme Val d' Ayas in the valley of the Lys. Part of the population ( in the older generation of far the greater part ) still speaks Greschuneititsch, the local Walser German, a the maximum Alemannic German dialect attributable. In addition, today the Italian is widespread.
In Issime ( in the local dialect Eischeme ), one further down present in the Lys Valley community, is also spoken a dialect of Walser German, in part, with differ so strongly the Gressoney and the Issimer dialect, that they of the population of the other village is believed to be incomprehensible. In Gressoney the German high-level language has been maintained earlier next to the dialect.
Since the Middle Ages the Gressoney men were known as merchants and peddlers who came to visit during the summer, the markets and fairs in Switzerland and in Germany. This could be obtained to connect to the German-speaking world, even during the so-called Little Ice Age, when the ice-free during the Middle Ages Theodulpass was covered by glaciers. Until the late 19th century, therefore, the High German was understood widely and served as a written language.
The Italianisation increased sharply only with the advent of winter tourism, and especially since the 1960s.
Between 1939 and 1946 formed the two communities Gressoney -La- Trinité and Gressoney St -Jean as before 1767 a single, named Gressonei community. The two districts wore the Italianate name Gressonei La Trinità and Gressonei San Giovanni.
Today's language situation
The current language situation is characterized by a strong bilingualism and multilingualism, with an increasing dominance of Italian. Very few children still dominate the Walser German dialects, most grow monolingual Italian on.
Teaching languages at school are Italian, and because of the Autonomy Statute for the Aosta Valley and French. In the private sector is in French Gressoney, however, not present. Since the 1980 years, there is one hour per week teaching in Walser German. In the school year 2008/2009 the tray ( standard ) was introduced to the German schools in Gressoney and the adjacent Issime first time, including two German teachers were hired. One of the teachers working in the primary school and in kindergarten, also speaks Titsch of Gressoney. German is now a compulsory subject, but beyond that no language of instruction.
Population
Quarrying
In Val di Gressoney natural stone has been mined for a long time. In the 20th century, the project focused on green Serpentinitsorten who find worldwide sales. It involves brecciated deposits which generate by their structure an attractive vivid picture in the deep green rock. The reduction is carried out exclusively with the wire saw.
Origin of the name
Where does the name " Gressoney » comes is not known for sure. The earliest, oldest examples are: 1211 loco Grassoneti, 1308 in valle gressoneti, 1310 iurisdictionem Vallesiae Grassoneti 1418 iuris dictionem Grassoneti 1436 De homines Gressonei. The name is thus vordeutsch, probably a collective on - ētum.
Other interpretations are unfounded. An old, imaginative explanation is Gressonara egg, ie egg of a bird Gressonara to say. Another Etymologisierungsversuch is that Gressoney should be the romanization of a German Kressenau. Conversely, they wanted to give the two communities the German name " Kressenau ," but the inhabitants of the relevant places himself never used this fancy name, and he has also never enforced north of the Alps.