Große Kreisstadt
Large county seat is a term from the German municipal law. A large district is in some countries a special legal status of a generally larger county's community, which holds certain additional responsibilities compared to the other municipalities belonging. This special status is based on sovereign ceremony. On the one hand may be downgraded by law or ordinance, by inclusion in a county to county's major district towns county-level city (or circles) on grounds of public interest, as it is done within the framework of municipal reform. On the other hand, kreisangehorige attain communities at their own request, by ordinance of the country or State Ministry of the interior of the status of a district town, which can only be delivered from a certain minimum number of inhabitants. The Ministry of the Interior has to be considered when considering whether a kreisangehorige community should become a major district town, the extent to which the community in question provides assurance that it can fulfill the functions of a county seat properly with their service and administrative force. Large district towns need not necessarily be circular cities ( seat of the district administration ).
Large district towns in Baden- Württemberg, Bavaria and Saxony
In Baden- Württemberg, Bavaria and Saxony called these cities with special large district towns. So, you'll continue to the district, however, assume partial state tasks that would otherwise do the county. The population limit is regulated differently. In Baden- Württemberg it is 20,000, with 17,500 in Saxony and Bavaria at 30,000 inhabitants. If a city has reached the population threshold in question, it may request the status of large district in the state government. In most cases, this request will then also met and declared the city as of a certain date for county seat. In communities that are not city, this declaration is automatically connected to the city charter. Decreases, the population again under certain population limit, the city nevertheless retains the status of a district town ( eg Giengen in Baden- Württemberg).
Baden-Wurttemberg
This applies a population of at least 20,000. On April 1, 1956, all cities have been declared with more than 20,000 inhabitants to the district town with the entry into force of the Municipal Code. By now, most of the former district cities have the status of a large district town because they usually have crossed the border by incorporations. Only the present-day district towns Künzelsau, Sigmaringen and Tauberbischofsheim and former district towns Buchen (Odenwald), Hechingen, Neustadt in the Black Forest (now Titisee -Neustadt ), garbage (Baden ), Münsingen, Bad Säckingen, Bad Saulgau, Stockach, Tettnang and Wolfach are no major district towns, because they have fewer than 20,000 inhabitants. The mayor of a major district town bears the official title of Lord Mayor. There are currently in Baden- Württemberg 92 large district towns.
- List of major district towns in Baden- Württemberg
Bavaria
In Bavaria, the status of a county seat was introduced in the district reform on 1 July 1972, the 2nd law to strengthen local self-government on 15 December 1971. The day before Bayern had 48 county-level cities, of which 23 have lost their circle of freedom and incorporated into the newly formed or surrounding counties. These formerly independent towns proved to be too weak ( tasks of general and internal administration, construction management and safety management, etc. ) to be able to bear the name of the State in addition to their normal municipal functions to all the duties of a county authority and a county government. On the other hand, they had a higher performance and power management than the previous "normal" municipalities belonging. Therefore, we wanted to leave the incorporated municipalities in the counties of some tasks that go beyond the "normal" county's community. These 23 cities were 1 July 1972, thus " major district towns ".
In addition to these caused by integration of urban districts in counties state changes also six kreisangehorige municipalities in Bavaria collected for major district towns: Dachau by decree of 4 January 1973 Dinkelsbühl and Donauwörth 1998 by Act of 26 November 1997, Germering by ordinance of 19. August 2004 with effect from 1 October 2004 and Fürstenfeldbruck by ordinance 2006. Erding was on 1 January 2013 as the last Bavarian town with more than 30,000 inhabitants large district.
In the cities Dinkelsbühl and Donauwörth an Act of Parliament was necessary because, according to the Bavarian Municipal Code, the filing of a community to district town by ordinance is only possible from a population of 30,000. Both are former county-level cities ( and former free imperial cities), but in 1940 lost their status and therefore not have been as early as 1972 large district towns. Thus, in Bavaria currently 29 large district towns. Smallest district town is Rothenburg ob der Tauber, with 10,898 inhabitants (as of 31 December 2012).
The scope of the powers conferred upon the major district towns compared to the other municipalities belonging competences is governed by the Regulation on the tasks of the major district towns ( GVBl. p.123, BayRS 2020-1-1-3- I). This Regulation lays down the major district towns state tasks that are otherwise perceive from the district office as a state authority, transferred the name of the state as municipal responsibilities. Among the many functions vested in, among other things, the duties of the lower building control authority and the lower road traffic authority.
In Bavaria, must be distinguished from the large district towns the powerful municipalities belonging, who got transferred only in the field of construction supervision of water rights and duties on behalf of the State.
- List of major district towns in Bavaria
Saxony
Here is a minimum population of 17,500 it is a prerequisite that cities are explained at their request by the state government to major district towns if they offer a guarantee for the proper performance of the tasks involved. In addition, could also cities with less than 17,500 inhabitants, the 1994/1996 and 2008, the function of the county seat lost in the wake of the circle reforms of, attain the status of a district town.
- List of major district towns in Saxony
Comparable cities in other states
Comparable numbers from other states are:
- " Great independent city " in Lower Saxony
- " Self-employed community " in Lower Saxony
- " Large district town " in Brandenburg, Mecklenburg -Western Pomerania, North Rhine -Westphalia, Rhineland -Palatinate, Schleswig -Holstein and Thuringia ¹
- " Mean district town " in North Rhine -Westphalia
- " Mittelstadt " in the Saarland
¹ The notion of a " large district town " is not provided in the Schleswig-Holstein Municipal Code. On 1 January 2005, however, Norderstedt received this status for testing purposes for a period of six years.
In Hesse there are seven cities with special status, they have there, but no special designation. In the other provinces such special status cities are not provided.