Hacı I Giray
- Khanate of Crimea in the 15th century
Hacı Giray I († August 1466 in Bakhchisaray ) was the founder of the Khanate of Crimea. He is the ancestor of the Giray dynasty, which ruled until 1783 the Crimea.
Origin
Hacıs exact origin is unknown. A Russian monastery register example referred to him as the son of the khan Devlet Berdi (r. 1424-27 ) and as this son Toktamischs -. a descendant of Genghis Khan and Khan of the Golden Horde A krimtatarisches ruler document of 1529 assigns Toktamisch among the ancestors of Girays and das. confirm Polish chronicles However, there are other options. So one of the leaders of Toktamischs is Abu'l Ghazi and Abdul Ghaffar Tash Timur, brought into play, of which there are a few coins from the Crimea ( 796 AH ). This would have been the grandfather or father of Hacı Giray and a distant relative Toktamischs.
Rise and policy
To 1433 the empire fell apart the Golden Horde, ruled by Ulugh Mehmed (r. 1419-38/45 ) into several kingdoms. Already in 1424 the Khan Devlet Berdi had (ruled 1424-27 ) set out on the run from his rivals in the Crimea and tried from there to usurp power.
Hacı Giray tried again. His rise was initially the close political ties to Lithuania owed, where he had lived for a time. Already in 1428 he is said to have tried unsuccessfully to make the Horde Khan. Around 1442 his name appears in connection with a bloody conflict surrounding the Genoese outpost on Caffa, and in 1443 he was reportedly taken from a Tartar embassy from the Lithuanian exile and made the Khan of the Crimea.
Always threatened by the Golden Horde, he allied himself with the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Grand Duchy of Moscow against them. With this stronger foreign policy, he was able to expand its sphere of influence between the rivers Dnieper and Don, and Caffa was tributary to him since 1454. He urged the early 50s repeated a khan of the Golden Horde, Sayid Ahmad I (r. 1433-55/60 ) back and was able to defeat final (ie, shortly before his death ) at Don the Horde in August 1465.
In 1456 he was overthrown by his son Hayder due to a palace coup, but he won in the same year returned to power.
Khan Hacı died in 1466 and was buried in Bakhchisaray. On the Khan throne him his sons, especially Only Devlet Giray and I. Meñli followed after.