Hachure map

Hachuring are a method of terrain representation in topographical maps ( Maps). By specifically arranged and shaped strokes is illustrated inclination or shadow the case of a type of terrain. Such hachuring found mainly in historical maps of the 19th century, which were produced by lithography or engraving.

Slope hachures run in the direction of the greatest slope ( fall line ) and will vary in length and width. The stronger the gradient, the stronger and denser the hatched lines are drawn. Schattenschraffen simulate a shadow case by illuminating the area from the northwest.

Unlike hachuring hatches are surface pattern with regular shapes and distances.

Hachuring give a very vivid picture of the terrain, but also have disadvantages:

• Accurate elevation data can not be read, it must be shown separately in highlights.
• In densely shaded areas ( steep slopes, high mountains), further information (roads, buildings ) are difficult to accommodate.
• The gap is too much emphasis on the cards, it creates a step-like impression of the site.

Because of these disadvantages, they are replaced in large-scale maps in the course of the 19th and 20th centuries by contour lines or shading, or the combination of both. In small-scale maps, the hachures is often replaced by a colored height scale representation.