Hacilar

Hacılar Höyük (usually abbreviated as Hacılar ) is the modern name for an excavation site in today's southwestern Turkey, about 25 km from the modern city of Burdur.

Hacılar Höyük is the location of a Neolithic and Copper Stone Age village. The archaeological site at which it was a small hill, was about 5 m high and 150 m wide. Archaeological excavations from 1957 to 1961 by James Mellaart instead. There were different layers can be distinguished. The oldest part of the pre-pottery Neolithic and dated to the eighth millennium BC. The 6th millennium attributable to nine layers, the oldest of them contained almost entirely undecorated pottery. Layer VI, which dated to 5600 BC, is best explored. There were nine buildings which were grouped around a square. The buildings were made of mud bricks. Livelihoods were agriculture ( emmer, einkorn, bread wheat, barley, peas and vetch ) and livestock, which were found bones of cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and dogs. The pottery is simple, some elaborate specimens form beast. Particularly noteworthy are numerous naked, crafted out of clay figures of women.

From the following layers painted pottery comes on. Vessels are decorated with geometric patterns from then on. In layer II (ca. 5300 BC), the village was fortified and had a small temple. The settlement of the layer I, which dates to 5000 BC, differs significantly from the previous layers, and it is thought that settled here newcomers. The place is now strongly fortified. The ceramic is very well made ​​and usually painted red on white.