Hapalopilus nidulans
Zimtfarbener Weichporling ( Hapalopilus nidulans )
The cinnamon Weichporling ( Hapalopilus nidulans, syn. Hapalopilus rutilans ) is a species of the family of Stielporlingsverwandten ( Polyporaceae ). He prefers to grow in Germany on dead wood of oak and hazel and like forms in height ocher to cinnamon-brown fruiting bodies. The mushroom is poisonous ( Polyporsäure syndrome).
- 4.1 Polyporsäure syndrome
- 5.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The one-year fruiting bodies are console- or shell-shaped, sharp and entire, rarely completely flat along the substrate and grow row or dachziegelig over each other. They are from 2 to 5 cm of wood, 3-12 are a maximum of 18 cm wide at the base and up to 4 cm thick. The cross-section is often triangular in shape. Frisch Trama is soft and watery, with dryness it fades out, is very light and has a fibrous- korkige, somewhat brittle consistency. The first fine fluffy rough to top verkahlt soon and usually shows no or sometimes some broad, weakly ridged zones, the inner turn usually smoother than the outer. The top is covered with no crust. On the bottom are 2 to 4 per millimeter square and thin-walled tubes. The layer can be up to 10 mm thick and appears due to the cotton-like and sterile hyphae ocher to whitish. The remaining parts of the fruiting body are yellow to cinnamon brown, the top is usually darker. The pore surface of larger fruiting bodies often has large cracks.
With alkalis (NaOH, KOH, NH4OH ) respond to all parts of the fruit body violet, and dry material. About the resulting dye which has already been described in 1877 by C. Stahl Schmidt, F. Kögl reported in the Journal of Mycology ( 1926). It crystallized from 1.5 g of the fungus whole 0,269 g violet Polyporsäure, a Diphenyldioxy -quinone.
Microscopic characteristics
The Hyphensystem of cinnamon Weichporlings is monomitisch. The generative hyphae are colorless and have buckles. In the trama they are large, up to 10 microns wide, clear thick-walled and richly branched. The hyphae are mostly smooth, but also some with shapeless substances mixed with polygonal, pale pink superposed to brownish crystals. In contrast, the Trama and subhymenial hyphae smooth and narrow, up to 6 microns in diameter fall out. Cystidia are not available. However, it can spindled Zystidiolen occur. They are 18 to 22 microns long, 4-5 microns wide and have Basalschnallen. The club-shaped basidia also have buckles at the base and measure 18 to 22 microns in length and 4 to 5 microns in width. Per basidium mature spores 4. They are shaped elliptical to cylindrical, colorless, thin-walled and smooth. Your size is 3.5 to 5 2 to 2.5 up to 3 microns. The iodine color reaction in Melzer's reagent is negative.
Ecology
The cinnamon Weichporling grows on dead hardwood like maple, apple tree, birch, beech, mountain ash, oak, alder, ash, hornbeam, hazel, elder, linden, Prunus species, black locust, horse chestnut and willow. Rarely populated the fungus softwood such as fir, spruce and pine. In northern Europe, the species is found mainly hazel and mountain ash, in central Europe occurs mainly on oak. As the main hosts beech, spruce, hazel and silver fir have proved in Baden- Württemberg. In Bavaria, the preference lies with oak and hazel. But it is questionable whether the Bavarian white fir stands were adequately studied intensively in this area to obtain a representative result.
The fruiting bodies sporulate into the end of the peak summer months until next spring. With a humidity of less than 40 percent and lower temperatures, the spore production is declining.
Dissemination
The cinnamon Weichporling is meridionally to boreal widespread in the Holarctic. In Asia finds from China, Iran, Japan, Kamchatka, the Caucasus and Siberia are known. In North America, the evidence exist from Canada and the United States. In North Africa and the mountainous regions of central and southern Africa comes before the fungus. In Europe finds have been reported from almost all the states, only in Ireland seems to be the way to be missing. Northward of Polypore is distributed to the Hebrides and Scandinavia, in Norway reaches the occurrence to the 70th degree of latitude. In Germany, the Fund reports from the Danish border and the Frisian islands to the foothills of the Alps extend. The cinnamon Weichporling is overall far, but different density widespread. Only in the higher mountain areas and sub-continental influenced coniferous forest regions of the fungus is rare.
Importance
Polyporsäure syndrome
The cinnamon Weichporling is toxic. The Polyporsäure contained in the fruiting bodies leads to a latency period of 12 hours to central nervous system disturbances, blurred vision and vomiting. A prominent symptom after eating is the resignation of purple discolored urine. To date, a single collective poisoning rated 3 persons known and documented.