Haplogroup N (mtDNA)
Haplogroup N is a human genetics haplogroup of the mitochondria.
She is a descendant of haplogroup L3, which participated in the Out of Africa; its origin is assumed in Western Asia about 50,000 to 80,000 years ago. Haplogroup N is the ancestor of almost all European and Oceanic haplogroups, in addition to many Asian and American Indian. It is believed that they originated in Western Asia at the same time as haplogroup M. This Makrohaplogruppe spans several continents. She is also in the Horn of Africa in a lower frequency present, 30,000 years ago, was created by a return migration to Africa, together with the Asian haplotype M1 and other Eurasian haplogroups.
Among the progeny also include the Makrohaplogruppe R ( and their descendants ) and haplogroups N1, A, I, S, W, X and Y.
Pedigree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subgroups of N is based on a paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser and subsequent scientific research.
- N N1'5 N1 N1a'c'd'e'I N1a'd'e'I N1a'e'I Haplogruppe_N1a_ (mtDNA) N1A1 N1a1a
- I
- N1E
- N1b1 N1b1a
- N1b1b
- N1b1c N1b1d
- N2a
- W
- N9a N9a1'3 N9a1
- N9a3
- N9a2 N9a2a'b N9a2a
- N9a2b
- N9a6a
- N9b1 N9b1a
- N9b1b
- N9b1c N9b1c1
- N12a
Discoveries of ancient skeletons of mtDNA haplogroup N in Europe
2003: Two specimens from the Cro-Magnon cave Paglicci, Apulia, Italy contributed haplogroup N in itself. These findings were 23,000 and 24,000 years old.
2005/2010: Wolfgang Haak et al. sequenced mitochondrial DNA of ancient skeletons ( approximately 5500-4900 BC) from locations of the Linear Pottery Culture in Germany and Austria - 38 of recovered DNA sequences had six haplogroup N1a.
2010: Marie -France Deguilloux et al. examined the remains of the grave lay a mound tomb in Deux Sevres, France, from the year 4200 BC ( Megaltithkultur ) a DNA analysis were subjected. A copy carried the haplogroup N1a in itself.
2011: Zsuzsanna Guba analyzed the mtDNA of eleven Neolithic skeletons from Hungary. Under five copies of the Körös culture could be detected with the two mutations of haplogroup N9a.
Finds from the ancient / medieval
2006: The frozen remains of a man in the mountains of Mongolai ( Altai Republic) also proved him as carriers of the mtDNA haplogroup N1a. The blonde Scythian warriors lived around 2005 years ago.
2007: One of 13 skeletons in the medieval cemetery in Riisby, Denmark (founded 1000 AD ) was the extremely rare for Scandinavia Hg N1a.
2007: Also rare was the existence of haplogroup N1a in Hungary of the 10th - 11th Century. In a 2007 study it was found a few skeletons with this haplogroup by people of high status, whereas other people wore, western Eurasia - more typical, haplogroups of lesser status.
2008: In Sagalassos, Southwest Anatolia, rich discoveries were made and excavated a total of 85 skeletons. After the DNA sequences were obtained, it was found that mtDNA Hg N (possibly N1b ) for some. The archaeological finds dating to a period of 200 years (11th - 13th century), and this area was Byzantine at that time.
Louis XVI of France
Remnants of the blood of Louis XVI. 2010 a DNA test were subjected. What was surprising was the unusual antique mtDNA haplogroup N1b 176G. His male Hg could be determined.