Hawkesbury River

Aerial view of the Hawkesbury River and Sydney's north shore

Panorama of Broken Bay, where the Hawkesbury River empties into the Pacific Ocean

Template: Infobox River / Obsolete

The, also called Hawkesbury River Deerubbun River, is one of the major rivers on the coast of the Australian state of New South Wales. Together with its tributaries, it surrounds the metropolitan area of ​​Sydney.

This river was to bring in the 19th century one of the main transport routes foods from the surrounding area to Sydney. Today in the Hawkesbury River will be held the second largest commercial fishing with shrimp and oysters, as well as water sports.

• 2.1 Aboriginal
• 2.2 White Settlement

• 3.1 trafficability
• 3.2 Sport
• 3.3 Commercial fishing

Geography

Course

The Hawkesbury River has its origin in the confluence of the Nepean River and Grose River, north of Penrith. Both rivers are already quite large, when they meet together and form the Hawkesbury River.

Inflows Avon River, Cataract River and the Cordeaux River begin all just a few kilometers from the sea, about 80 km south of Sydney. They first flow into the country and then in Wollongong a steep step down. Later they meet the north-west and further away from the sea, where they form the Nepean River. Continue along Camden and Penrith.

Near Penrith Warragamba River flows from the Blue Mountains Coming into the Nepean. The Warragamba consists of the confluence of the Wollondilly River, Nattai River, Kowmung River and Coxs River, all of which drain the eastern side of the Great Dividing Range.

The Hawkesbury River runs generally northward, where it meanders more than once. He happened Richmond and Windsor, which are the largest settlements along the river. Further north, the area is more dominated by agriculture with little inhabited area. Places here are Sackville and Lower Portland; here meets the Hawkesbury River to the Colo River. The Colo River and its inlets drain the northern part of the Blue Mountains.

From Lower Portland Hawkesbury River continues to flow north to the small village of Wisemans Ferry. A tributary is here the Macdonald River. The course of the Hawkesbury River is now changing to the east; the surrounding landscape is now steeper and more rugged. When Spencer of Mangrove Creek flows from the north into the river. From here to the mouth of the Pacific Ocean there are very few accesses to the river by car.

At the Milsons Passage of Berowra Creek flows from the south to the Hawkesbury River. In Brooklyn the flow from the Pacific Highway and a railway bridge is crossed. Finally, the river reaches the ocean at Broken Bay.

From the confluence of the Nepean and Grose Rivers to the Sea of the Hawkesbury River has a total length of 126 km.

Islands

The following islands are there in the Hawkesbury in order of flow direction:

• Milson Iceland
• Peat Iceland
• Spectacle Iceland
• Long Iceland
• Dangar Iceland
• Lion Iceland

Crossings

• Richmond Bridge, a bridge in Richmond who wore the Bells Line of Road and past the railroad between Richmond and Kurrajong
• Windsor Bridge, a bridge in Windsor, which carries the Putty Road
• Sackville Ferry, cable ferry
• Lower Portland ferry, cable ferry
• Webbs Creek ferry, cable ferry
• Wisemans Ferry, cable ferry for the Great North Road
• Hawkesbury River Freeway Bridge, a bridge from Kangaroo Point to Mooney Mooney
• Peats Ferry Bridge
• Hawkesbury River Railway Bridge

In the lower watercourses are a number of pedestrian ferries that cross the river, including Palm Beach, Ettalong and Wagstaffe and from Brooklyn to Dangar Iceland and Little Wobby.

History

Aboriginal

The Aborigines of the area called the river Deerubbun. Three strains of the Aborigines inhabited the regions that crosses the Hawkesbury River: The Darug the west and south, the Guringai in the south and the Darkinjung in the north.

White settlement

1788 studied two expeditions to the Hawkesbury in the north- west of Sydney and the Nepean River in the southwest. It took about three years to the discoverers realized that they had examined the same river system.

The Hawkesbury River was to bring in the 19th century one of the main transport routes foods from the surrounding area to Sydney. Under the protection of Broken Bay and Pittwater then waited for suitable weather to drive in the ocean along the coast to Sydney. When in 1864 the railway from Sydney reached as far as Windsor, food were shipped to Windsor and then transported by train. In the 1880s, the river silted up between Sackville and Windsor so that seagoing vessels, only reaching to Sackville. The combination of Sick Ville and Sydney was maintained with steam ships by the end of the 19th century.

The Hawkesbury River was named by Governor Arthur Phillip in June 1789 after Charles Jenkinson, 1st Earl of Liverpool, Baron Hawkesbury of the title was wearing at the time. An obelisk was unveiled in 1939 in Brooklyn to remember these names.

1794 were 22 families land rights in Bardenarang, now known as Pitt Town Bottoms, near Windsor. That same year, clashes between Aborigines and settlers broke out.

Use

Practicability

The Hawkesbury River is navigable from Windsor to the ocean. There are no dams or locks; the effect of the tidal range is seen to Windsor.

Is taken from the road during the transport of goods as products of vegetable and fruit growing, the river continues for a number of villages and houses the only access route, especially in the lower reaches, where steep and rocky terrain has so far prevented the road. A post about the ship delivers mail between Brooklyn and Spencer.

Sports

The Hawkesbury Canoe Classic is a 111 km long canoe race, which will be held in October or November each year. The race starts and ends in Windsor in Brooklyn. The Bridge to Bridge Water Ski Classic is a race on water skis, which runs in the opposite direction: it starts at Dangar Iceland and ends in Windsor.

Commercial fishing

After the Hawkesbury Nepean Catchment Management Authority ( approximately EUR 3.8 million ) wholesale value is the second largest commercial fisheries are conducted in the estuary of the Hawkesbury River over a year AUD 6.3 million; Shrimp and oysters ( before the outbreak of QX disease) are the main products.

In art and media

• The Australian writer Kate Grenville wrote a historical novel called The Secret River, which plays on the Hawkesbury river.
• The film Oyster Farmer with Alex O'Loughlin (2004)
• The artist William Piguenit painted the Hawkesbury River in the late 19th century
• Various Australian TV series such as A Country Practice and Home and Away have used the Hawkesbury for outdoor scenes.