Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner

Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner ( born November 14, 1778 in Mittweida, † February 17, 1828 in Leipzig ) was a German Protestant theologian.

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Life

Origin

Born as the son of Mittweidaer former deacon and later priest Christoph Gottlieb Tzschirner († 1801) and his wife Johanna Dorothea Pfeiffer, he initially had lessons with private tutors in his birthplace. At 14, he attended the School in Chemnitz, where he enjoyed the instruction of the then rector Johann Gottfried Rothe and Conrector Johann Theophilus Lessing ( 1732-1808 ). During his local school, he became friends with, among others, Karl Heinrich Ludwig Pölitz (1772-1838), Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider (1776-1848), Julius Friedrich Winzer (1778-1845), Gottfried Facilides Victorin (1777-1841) and Daniel Amadeus Neander ( 1775-1869 ).

Family

Tzschirner married his first wife in 1806 Auguste Klotzsch († 1817), from his marriage went not forth children. From his second marriage to Marianne Schlemm he left behind four children.

Study

In 1796 he entered the University of Leipzig, heard philology at Christian Daniel Beck and was a member of the Philological Society thereof. Next heard Tzschirner philosophy of Ernst Platner (1744-1818), Karl Adolph Caesar (1744-1810) and Karl Heinrich Heyden Empire (1764-1801), history at Ernst Beck and Carl Wieland (1755-1828), the theological sciences with Johann Friedrich Burscher (1732-1805), Johann Georg Rose Müller (1736-1815), Johann August Wolf (1750-1809), Karl August Gottlieb wedge (1754-1818) and Johann August Heinrich Tittmann (1773-1831), Hebrew for Christian Gottlieb Kühn oil (1768-1841) and Friedrich August Carus (1770-1807) and Arabic at Ernst Friedrich Karl Rose Müller ( 1768-1835 ). At the same time he became a member of the Latin society.

Academic career

After he had passed with honor his candidate degree in Dresden, he graduated in Leipzig on February 27, 1800 the academic degree of Master of Philosophy, he completed his habilitation on the advice of his Dresden Franz Volkmar Reinhard examiner ( 1753-1812 ) on 23 February 1800 the dreiteiligigen dissertation Observationes Pauli apostoli epistolarum scriptoris ingenium concernentes Magister legens at the University of Wittenberg and was on 26 February of the same year adjunct faculty of philosophy. After he had given lectures a year in Wittenberg, he traveled to Mittweida to his sick father, where he was appointed by the magistrate as a deacon in Mittweida. For four years Tzschirner had operated there also literary and drew attention to himself with his large-scale tape the history of apologetics of Christianity. This recognition brought him in 1805 a Extraordinierte professorship of theology at the University of Wittenberg.

In this role he managed the electoral fellows, advanced by Karl Ludwig Nitzsch (1751-1831) for the licentiate in theology and defended on November 28, 1805 his disputation de dignitate homnis by religionem christiam adserta et Declarata. Vit Ex officina Melzeriana. On December 2, his solemn doctor promotion was held in the Castle Church in Wittenberg. Michael Weber (1754-1833) was his promoter and the Prokanzler Nitzsch then gave a speech on de vi, quam habeat Apologetice ad theologiam Universam persiciendam. Following Tzschirner von Weber was created as a doctor of theology. Then Tschirner made ​​a short speech and the ceremony ended with the Te Deum Laudamus. He had fulfilled the requirements for a full professorship, which he took up on December 7. In his capacity as professor at Wittenberg, he lectured on natural religion, religion and church history, and dogmatics and history of dogma.

Theological views

It was the idea of ​​reason of morality, the supreme principle of Christian doctrine for him. So it was important to hold him in the holy Scriptures, which corresponded to a moral need him. The divine revelation, he did not reject her, but in its ethical- critical rationalism he pulled her from the sphere of the reason unattainable down by he saw only a confirmation of the truth of the religion of reason by a messenger of God in her. After the death of his former professor Wolf Tzschirner be offered in 1809 in Leipzig, a larger sphere of activity. Therefore, he moved to the University of Leipzig as the fourth Professor and in 1811 Rector of Leipzig University. As a Saxon patriot, he accompanied his native troops under Karl August of Saxe- Weimar, as a field provost until after Tournay. He was returned in 1815 archdeacon of St. Thomas' Church, superintendent of the Diocese of Leipzig and the Leipzig consistory Assessor.

The reading in Leipzig church history, dogmatics, and homiletics Tzschirner was influenced in his thinking by Immanuel Kant. He therefore advocated a moderate ethical- critical rationalism and a constitutional reformist liberalism, from which arose the foundations of his rationalistic supernaturalism. Tzschirner moved up in the third theological professorship in Leipzig, was associated with it canon in Zeitz. After he became in 1818 the second professor, he became so connected the Domherrnstelle in Meissen. The great effort which he endured in his time, reflected in a deteriorating state of health. In the winter of 1823 fell ill Tzschirner to Stickhusten, which expressed itself in ever increasing difficulty in breathing. Also cures brought no health improvements, so that he eventually died in 1828.

Selections

  • Sermons. Leipzig 1812
  • About Johann Matthias Schröckh 's life, character and writings. Leipzig 1812
  • The marriage from the point of view of nature of morality and the Church. Leipzig 1819
  • The cause of the Greeks, the European cause. Leipzig 1821
  • Protestantism and Catholicism from the stand-point of politics. Leipzig 1822
  • The risk of a German revolution. Leipzig 1823
  • Return of Catholic Christians in Grossherzogthume Baden to evangelical Christianity. Leipzig 1823
  • The Reactionssystem. Leipzig 1824
  • The case of heathenism. Leipzig 1829

Publisher

  • History of Christian Churches. by Johann Matthias Schröckh 2nd edition, Leipzig, 1827
  • Memorabilia for the study and the official leadership of the preacher. Leipzig 1820
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