Heracleum (plant)
Hogweed ( Heracleum sphondylium )
Hogweed ( Heracleum ) is a plant genus which belongs to the carrot family ( Apiaceae ). The genus is named after Heracles. The German name is derived from the Bear Claw, so some people prefer the female form, the acanthus; according to Duden, both the male and the female form allowed.
- 4.1 Literature
- 4.2 Notes and references
Description
They are mostly perennial, rarely two or annual herbaceous plants. Their stems are gnarled, hollow, usually ribbed and often branched. The change-constant leaves are large, breitlappig and one to dreifiederig. The lower leaves are stalked.
The composite inflorescences are umbels, which are composed of umbellules. Cases are usually absent or drop out early. The flowers are usually hermaphroditic, the outer flowers of umbellules are often purely male. They have tiny cup teeth. The petals ( petals ) are white to pink, unequal in size and often bent at the base. Pollination is by insects.
The flowering period extends from July to September.
The structure of the flower is described by the following formula flowers:
The fruits are highly compressed.
The whole plant, particularly the sap is poisonous. Especially under exposure to sunlight triggers the juice from a phototoxic reaction. These phototoxic reactions are particularly pronounced in the giant hogweed and therefore described therein.
Occurrence
The areas are mainly in Asia and Europe; few species there are in eastern Africa and a way, it is in North America.
In Europe, often at forest and roadsides and on moist, fertile soils.
System
Synonyms
Synonyms for the species are: Pastinaca sect. Heracleum (L.) Calest. , Sphondylium Hill, Tetrataenium ( DC.) Mandenova. , Wendia Hoffm. , Barysoma, Wendtia Ledeb.
Types (selection)
There are about 70 species of Heracleum, here is a selection types:
- Heracleum asperum ( Hoffm. ) M.Bieb. ( Syn: sphondylium asperum Hoffm. )
- Austrian hogweed ( Heracleum austriacum L.)
- Heracleum bivittatum H. de Boissieu
- Heracleum cachemiricum C.B.Clarke
- Heracleum candicans Wall. ex DC.
- Heracleum canescens Lindl. ( Syn: Heracleum hirsutum Edgew. )
- Heracleum dissectifolium K.T.Fu
- Heracleum dissectum Ledeb.
- Heracleum fargesii H. de Boissieu
- Heracleum forrestii H.Wolff
- Heracleum franchetii M.Hiroe
- Heracleum grande ( Dalzell & A.Gibson ) P.K.Mukh.
- Heracleum hemsleyanum Diels
- Heracleum henryi H.Wolff
- Heracleum kingdonii H.Wolff
- Heracleum lallii C.Norman ( Syn: Tetrataenium lallii (Norman ) A. M.Cauwet -Marc, J.Carbonnier & M.Farille )
- Heracleum leucocarpum Aitch. & Hemsl. ( Syn: Heracleum afghanicum Kitam. )
- Giant hogweed or giant umbel ( Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier; Syn: Heracleum giganteum Hornem. )
- Heracleum millefolium Diels
- Heracleum moellendorffii Hance
- Heracleum nepalense D.Don
- Heracleum nyalamense R.H.Shan & T.S.Wang
- Heracleum olgae rule & Schmalhausen
- Heracleum oreocharis H.Wolff
- Heracleum pastinacifolium K.Koch
- Heracleum persicum Desf.
- Heracleum pinnatum C.B.Clarke
- Heracleum polyadenum Rech f & Riedl
- Heracleum ponticum ( Lipsky ) Schischk. ex Grossh. ( Syn: Heracleum cyclocarpum ponticum var Lipsky )
- Heracleum pubescens ( Hoffm. ) M.Bieb. ( Syn: sphondylium pubescens Hoffm. )
- Heracleum rapula Franchet
- Heracleum rigens Wall. ex DC.
- Heracleum scabridum Franchet
- Heracleum sosnowskyi almonds.
- Heracleum souliei H. de Boissieu
- Hogweed ( Heracleum sphondylium ) L.: Heracleum sphondylium subsp. montanum ( Schleich. ex Gaudin ) Briq. ( Syn: . Heracleum lanatum Michx, Heracleum maximum Heracleum W.Bartram and montanum Schleich ex Gaudin. )
- Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sibiricum (L.) Simonk. ( Syn: Heracleum sibiricum L.)
- Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sphondylium
- Heracleum sphondylium subsp. ternatum ( Velen. ) Brummitt ( Syn: Heracleum ternatum Velen. )
- Heracleum sphondylium subsp. transsilvanicum ( Schur ) Brummitt ( syn.. Heracleum Heracleum palmatum Baumg and transsilvanicum Schur )