Hermit

A hermit ( from ancient Greek ἐρημίτης, eremítēs, from ancient Greek ἔρημος, Eremo, the " desert " and " uninhabited " means therefore " desert dwellers ," German as " hermit ") is a person who deposited lives more or less of the people (see Hermitage or Hermitage ).

Concept and history

Originally the term was applied only to Christians who had religious motives for their devotion to this way of life, namely the Desert Theology of the Old Testament, that is, the 40-year wandering in the desert after the Exodus from Egypt, which should cause a change of heart.

Part, the term is applied uncritically to anyone who lives in solitude. In the religious context, it is sometimes ( " withdraw " from Greek anachōreō, " Take off the land outside the walled city " ) as the same meaning as anchorite used, although a clear distinction is required.

In the old church were distinguished living alone ( hermits ) and jointly living hermit. From their hermitages often later created convents or villages.

The hermits and one of the oldest forms of consecrated life and is also the earliest form of Christian monasticism in Europe. In the Rule of St. Benedict (6th century ), the hermit is cited as one of the four kinds of monks.

Among the Christian saints are some hermits, including Saint Bruno (the founder of the Order of the Carthusians ), St. Celestine, St. Meinrad, St. Gunther von Niederaltaich. St. Francis associated with the hermits of itinerant preaching and the apostolate among the people ( slogan: Hermitage e cita, dt silence and city). An independent branch of the Order within the Franciscan Order with moderately eremitischer embossing are the Capuchins.

A phenomenon of the 18th and early 19th century were the jewelry hermits of the English landscape parks, professional hermit who lived during a stipulated period in specially decorated hermitages and could be seen at certain times of day, to the owners of the park and their guests with the sight of her to entertain.

Diözesaneremitentum

In the Roman Catholic Church is one of the hermits and approved by the Church forms of consecrated life. After the Second Vatican Council and the consequent revision of canon law, the Church has the form of life of the hermit, under the authority of the local Bishop, included in the Canon Law ( Canon 603 of CIC):

  • § 1: In addition to the institutes of consecrated life, the Church also recognizes the eremitic or anachoretische life in the believer through stricter separation from the world, in the silence of solitude, constant prayer and penance their lives to the praise of God and the salvation of the world consecrate.
  • § 2: As in the consecrated life to God, the hermit will be given recognized by the law, when he affirms by a vow or some other sacred bond, has made ​​a public commitment to the three evangelical counsels in the hands of the diocesan bishop and under his leadership, it peculiar way of life preserves.

These hermits are called diocesan hermit. In addition, there are hermits who are members of a religious community and their maintenance is carried by the religious community. The total number of hermits in Germany is given to 70 to 80 people.

Known hermit

  • Angelus de Scarpettis
  • Anthony the Great
  • Benedict of Nursia
  • Benedict the Moor
  • Bruno of Cologne
  • Chariton the Confessor
  • Corrado Confalonieri
  • David of Thessaloniki
  • Edigna of Puch
  • Evagrius Ponticus
  • Francis of Assisi (temporarily)
  • Heimerad
  • Heraclitus
  • Hilarion of Gaza
  • Jerome of Bergamo
  • Ida of Toggenburg
  • John Cassian
  • Juliana of Liege
  • Julian of Norwich
  • Landelin of Ettenheimmünster
  • Mary of Egypt
  • Meinrad of Einsiedeln
  • Niklaus von Flue
  • Notburgastraße of high- Hausen
  • Onophrios the Great
  • Paul of Thebes
  • Rosa Flesch (temporarily)
  • Sara from Egypt
  • Sergius of Radonezh
  • Simeon of Trier
  • Symeon Stylites the Elder
  • Timon of Athens
  • Theophan Goworow
  • Thomas Merton (temporarily)
  • Ursicinus
  • Pope Celestine V.

Hermit Order

  • Camaldolese
  • Carthusians
  • Bethlehem Sisters ( Monastic Religious Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of Mary into Heaven and St.. Bruno )
Monazite Icon Hermitage (religious retreat) Gunther of Bohemia Lay apostolate Saint Chariton Conrad of Piacenza Timon of Athens (person) Ursicinus of Saint-Ursanne Integrated Authority File
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