Hydrogen chloride
- Hydrochloric acid anhydrous
- Hydrogen chloride ( IUPAC)
- Hydrochloric acid gas
- Hydrogen chloride
- Chloran
A colorless, pungent gas
Gaseous
1.64 kg · m -3 ( gas density, 0 ° C)
-114.8 ° C
-85.03 ° C
4.26 MPa ( 20 ° C)
-6.2
720 g · l-1 in water (20 ° C)
1.1086 (3 ) D ( 3.698 · 10-30 C · m)
Risk
7.0 mg · m-3
-92.3 KJ / mol
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Hydrogen chloride ( systematically referred to as hydrogen chloride or hydrogen chloride ) is a colorless, pungent -smelling gas that easily dissolves in water. Aqueous solutions of hydrogen chloride are known as hydrochloric acid or hydrochloric acid. Hydrogen chloride is a very strong acid. The molecular formula is HCl.
Production and representation
Is produced hydrogen chloride in the laboratory from concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium chloride:
Instead of using sulfuric acid and sodium hydrogen sulfate may be used. For this purpose, a mixture of sodium chloride and sodium hydrogen sulfate is heated dry. In order to keep the reaction going, in this case the resulting hydrogen chloride gas must be removed.
In the chemical industry, hydrogen chloride is mainly a by-product in the chlorination of organic compounds or chlorine is obtained with the oxyhydrogen reaction (ignition of a mixture of hydrogen and chlorine, for example, by exposure to light ).
Properties
The systematic name of hydrogen chloride brings the syllable chloride to express that the chlorine atom bears a partial negative charge in the molecular compound, like by chloride ions that have a negative ionic charge.
Hydrogen chloride has a slightly higher density than air. In one liter of water dissolve at 0 ° C with heating 520 l, which corresponds to 850 g of HCl gas at 20 ° C dissolve in a liter of water 442 liters of hydrogen chloride. In moist air HCl gas forms hydrochloric acid mist of fine droplets.
Its heat capacity is 799 J / (kg K).
Biological Significance
Hydrogen chloride is in the form of hydrochloric acid, part of the gastric juice omnivorous animals and also in the human stomach causes the denaturation of the food.
Use
In addition to the variety of uses as an acid is a pure hydrogen chloride used as the chlorinating agent in the oxychlorination of ethylene to vinyl chloride.
Safety
Hydrogen chloride is corrosive and toxic in high concentrations. However, poisoning is very rare. When inhaled, irritation of the mucous membranes and respiratory tract may occur, which can lead to acute bronchitis or pneumonia. On contact with skin and clothing the acid with water can be good and completely wash out.