Hygrophorus
Ivory Schneck Ling ( Hygrophorus eburneus )
The Hygrophorus ( Hygrophorus ) is a fungal genus in the family Schneck Ling relatives. The name Hygrophorus is composed of hygro = moist and PHORUS = supporting, thus signifies moisture carrier. This is among others an important feature of Hygrophorus.
The type species is the Ivory Schneck Ling (H. eburneus ).
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Macroscopic characteristics
Hygrophorus are fleshy and of medium size. With few exceptions, the hat when wet is slippery - slimy. The predominantly thick lamellae have a waxy consistency are far apart and a little run down on the stem. The spore powder is white in all species. The stem is smooth or finely grooved, rarely genattert or punctured. It can in some species wear a ring. The stem tip is never slimy. The colors are mostly cloudy and dull, except for pure white and bright yellow species.
Microscopic characteristics
The lamellae is bilateral. The oval spores are smooth, have no germ pore, and show no Jodfarbreaktion.
Ecology
The Hygrophorus form mycorrhizae with deciduous and coniferous trees. All Schneck Ling types with the exception of growing on rotten wood Seitenstieligen Schneck compact ( H. pleurotoides ) fruiting bodies on the ground. Because some species are frost-resistant or even require low temperatures to form fruiting bodies, are the Hygrophorus in winter dominant over other genres. But you can find every season Hygrophorus.
Species
System
The genus is distributed mainly in the temperate and boreal zone of the Holarctic region and includes the world about 80 to 100 species, about 50 of which occur in Europe. The Hygrophorus Hygrophorus subgen. Limacium be divided into the following sections:
- Section Discoidei ( Bataille ) Konrad & Maublanc
- Braunscheibiger Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus discoideus ( Persoon 1801: Fries 1821) Fries 1838
- Stone Oak Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus leucophaeo - ilicis Bon & Chevassut 1985
- Hellrandiger Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus lindtneri MM Moser 1967
- Pink Brown Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus roseodiscoideus Bon & Chevassut 1985
- Yellow wax worm Ling - Hygrophorus secretanii Henning 1886
- Orangefalber Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus unicolor Groeger 1980
- Section Fulventes (Fr.) Bon
- Flour stem Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus arbustivus Fries 1836
- Brown Oak Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus arbustivus var quercetorum Bon & Chevassut 1985
- Meat Gray Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus carneogriseus Malencon 1971
- Hain- Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus nemoreus Fries 1838
- Isabellrötlicher Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus poetarum R. Heim 1948 ( '1947 ')
- Rosabraunscheibiger Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus pseudodiscoideus ( Maire 1928) Malencon & Bertault 1975
- Rotschuppiger Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus queletii Bresadola 1881
- Fälblings - Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus subviscifer ( P. Karsten 1878) Harmaja 1985
- Section Hygrophorus
- Under section Chrysodontini Singer
- Gold Teeth Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus chrysodon ( Batsch 1789: Fries 1821) Fries 1838 ( described as H. crysodon )
- Under section Hygrophorus
- Non-staining Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus cossus ( Sowerby 1798) Fries 1838
- Discoloring Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus discoxanthus (Fries 1815) Rea 1908
- Ivory Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus eburneus ( Bulliard 1782: Fries 1821) Fries 1836
- Gelblichscheibiger Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus flavodiscus Frost 1884
- Schleimigberingter Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus gliocyclus Fries 1861
- Dickschleimiger Birch Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus hedrychii ( Velenovský 1920) K. cult 1956
- Seitenstieliger Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus pleurotoides J. Favre 1960
- More important Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus ponderatus Britzelmayr 1885
- Ashen Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus tephroleucus ( Persoon 1801: Fries 1821) Fries 1838
- Under section Pallidini A. H. Smith & L.R. Hesler ( = Section Clitocyboides to Bon )
- Book - worm Ling - Hygrophorus fagi G. Becker & Bon 1974
- Aprikosenblättriger Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus melizeus (Fries 1818 Fries 1821) Fries 1838
- Hygrophorus penarioides Jacobsson & E. Larsson 2007
- Dry Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus penarius Fries 1836
- Hygrophorus penarius var barbatulus (G. Becker 1954) Bon 1989
- Spruce Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus piceae Kuhner 1949
- Section Olivaceo - Umbrini ( Bataille ) Konrad & Maublanc
- Dark Pine Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus fuscoalbus ( Lasch 1829: Fries 1832) Fries 1838 ( described as H. fusco - albus)
- Finnish Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus korhonenii Harmaja 1985
- Big Pine Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus latitabundus Britzelmayr 1899 (described as H. latitabundes )
- Gray brown mucus stalk Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus mesotephrus Berkeley & Broome 1854
- Natternstieliger Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus (Fries 1815 Fries 1821) Fries 1838 ( described as H. olivaceo albus )
- Olivbraungestiefelter Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus persoonii Arnolds 1979
- Section Pudorini ( Bataille ) Konrad & Maublanc
- Under section Aurei Bataille
- Gold Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus aureus Arrhenius 1863
- Frost - Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus hypothejus (Fries 1818 Fries 1821) Fries 1838
- Larch Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus lucorum Kalchbrenner 1874
- Orange Yellow larch Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus lucorum var speciosus ( Peck 1878) Krieglsteiner 2000
- Under section Erubescentes A. H. Smith & L.R. Hesler ( = Section Rubescens )
- Red wine Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus capreolarius ( Kalchbrenner 1874) Saccardo 1887
- Rasiger Purple Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus erubescens (Fries 1821 Fries 1821) Fries 1838
- Flamingo Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus erubescens var persicolor (Fries 1821 Fries 1821) Fries 1838
- Bitter Purple Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus fragicolor Papetti 1992
- Beschleierter Purple Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus purpurascens ( Albertini & Schweinitz 1805: Fries 1821) Fries 1838
- Geflecktblättriger Purple Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus russula ( Schaeffer 1774: Fries 1821) Quélet 1886
- Under section Pudorini Bataille
- Orange - Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus pudorinus (Fries 1821 Fries 1821) Fries 1836
- Section Tephroleuci ( Bataille ) Candusso ( = Section Camarophylli )
- Fragrant Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus agathosmus (Fries 1815) Fries 1838
- Hygrophorus agathosmus f aureofloccosus Bresadola 1928
- Schwarzfaseriger Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus atramentosus H. Haas & R. Haller Aarau 1978
- Schönblättriger Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus calophyllus P. Karsten 1876
- Grey Brown Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus camarophyllus ( Albertini & Schweinitz 1805: Fries 1821) Dumee, Grandjean & Maire 1913
- Hyacinth Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus hyacinthinus Quélet 1886
- Crack fungus relative Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus inocybiformis AH Smith 1944
- March Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus marzuolus (Fries 1821 Fries 1821) Bresadola 1893
- Black Dotted Schneck Ling - Hygrophorus pustulatus ( Persoon 1801: Fries 1821) Fries 1838
- Yellow wax worm Ling - Hygrophorus secretanii Henning 1886
Importance
Many Schneck Ling species are edible, the most famous being the frost worm Ling ( Hygrophorus hypothejus ) and the March Schneck Ling ( Hygrophorus marzuolus ). Other species are inedible, but never toxic.