Hyospathe

Hyospathe is a native to South America Palm genus. There are mostly small palm with undivided or broadly feathered leaves.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Features

The representatives are small, rarely medium-sized, single or multi-stemmed palm trees. They are unarmed, and monoecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious ). The stem is slender and strikingly provided with far apart standing leaf scars.

The leaves are regularly pinnate, undivided or two-piece. The leaf sheath is usually a short or longer crown shaft. To the case, it does not tear sheet on the opposite side of the petiole. The sheath edge is irregular, cartilaginous. The petiole is medium long, slender, with a busy hair or dandruff. The leaflets are lanceolate to falcate, single, double or multiple folded. They carry sloping shed on the lower side ribs, sometimes to the ribs tops. The midrib is clearly visible.

Inflorescences

There is a single inflorescence. He is simply branched, the branches are stiff or drooping. The slender peduncle may be short or long. The cover sheet is laterally zweikielig and tapers to a blunt end. It tears at dorsiventrally and apically and is in two parts. It consists of the base of the inflorescence stem. The one or two bracts on the peduncle are circular in cross-section, substantially longer than or equal in length to the previous sheet. You are beaked, abaxial tear up and put something on the cover page to. The inflorescence axis is much shorter to ( rarely) longer than the peduncle. The bracts of the inflorescence axis are very short, in their axils spring the side branches. These are slender, medium-long to short and rigid, or long and drooping. In them, the flowers are in triads.

Flowers

The male flowers are at the side of the female, are narrow and elongated. The three sepals form a tube, have grown to at least two -thirds of its length with the base of the flower to form a stem-like base. The free tips are short and broadly triangular. The three petals are not fused, narrow oval, asymmetrical, curved at the base and pointed at the end. Of the six stamens, the three antesepalen ( standing in front of the sepals ) have short stamens are short and fused with the stamp rudiment. The three antepetalen ( standing in front of the petals ) stamens have much longer stamens are fused with the stamp rudiment to its tip. The stamens are commended shaped, the anthers are moderately long, dorsifix near the base and open latrors itself. The pollen grains are ellipsoidal, with a slight to distinct asymmetry. The germ is opening a distal sulcus. The longest axis of the pollen grain is 34 to 39 microns long. The stamp rudiment is narrow ovate with two stigma lobes.

The female flowers are ovate and shorter than the male. The three sepals are fused to two thirds of its length into a cup, the ends are broad and pointed. The three petals are free, oval and slightly overlap. The six staminodes are small. The gynoecium is ovoid, unicompartmental and has an ovule. The stamp narrows into a short -tube style and three stigmas, which are bent back to blossom. The ovule is basal and continues to the side, their orientation is unknown.

Fruits

The fruit is ovoid to cylindrical, tapered and asymmetrical. At maturity it is black. The scars radicals basal. The exocarp is smooth, the mesocarp fibrous, endocarp thin and crust- shaped. The seed is narrow ovate, pointed, and the hilum is located basally. The endosperm is homogeneous, the embryo is quite large and is located basally.

Dissemination and locations

The representatives come from Costa Rica to Peru across the Amazon basin before. They grow in the rain forest, in swamps or on dry surfaces mainly in low altitude, climb to the Andean slopes but up to 1000 or 2000 m high.

System

The genus Hyospathe is placed in the subfamily Arecoideae, Tribe Euterpeae within the family Arecaceae. Within the tribe she is the sister group of all other genres. The genus itself is monophyletic.

Govaerts and Dransfield accepted 2005 in World Checklist of Palms four ways:

• Hyospathe elegans
• Hyospathe frontinensis
• Hyospathe macrorhachis
• Hyospathe peruviana

Documents

• John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Second edition, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2, pp. 458-460.