Hypericum tetrapterum
Right: Winged St. John's wort (Hypericum tetrapterum ), left: Low- Lying John's wort ( Hypericum humifusum )
The Winged St. John's wort (Hypericum tetrapterum ), also Wing Wing Hartheu or St. John's wort called, is a flowering plant in the family of St. John's wort plants ( Hypericaceae ).
In contrast to other types of St. John's wort, the hollow stalk has four narrow wing bars and is therefore called square. The flowers are similar to the real St. John's wort, but only half as large. It is found in wet nutrient-rich locations such as meadow ditches, banks and streams.
Description
The Winged St. John's wort is a perennial herbaceous plant, rarely reaches the heights of growth of 30 to 60 80 cm and has an upright four-sided hollow stems. They wintered green, with their survival buds outlast covered by leaves or earth, which is why it is called Hemikryptophyt. The plant forms filamentous underground runners. The elliptic to ovate leaves sit against constantly on the stem and these include about half. The two to four cm long leaves are dotted dense and fine translucent and have the edge and black glands.
The Rispige inflorescence is a cyme and sprouts from the upper leaf axils. The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry fünfzählig flowers are usually, but also fourfold blooms occur. The lanceolate acute sepals are up to 5 mm long. The bright yellow petals are only up to 8 mm long and have the edge only a few ( none to four) black spots or line-shaped glands. The flower has 30 to 40 stamens. The flowering period is from June to September.
The pointed ovoid capsule fruit is about twice as long as the calyx and also has black glands. The fruit capsule contains numerous black, cylindrical seeds.
Further characteristics and ecology
This type occurs in small to large groups, their fertilization occurs through self- or insect pollination. The spread of this species takes place with the help of the wind.
According to the ecological indicator values according to Ellenberg the type is specified as a semi shade plant for moderately warm maritime climate. The species prefers moist to wet, frequently flooded soils that are not highly acidic, but rather rich in nitrogen.
The chromosome number is n = 8
Distribution and habitat requirements
This species is widespread in central Europe and western Asia in shallow and medium altitudes. The spread in the north to Denmark and Sweden ranges in the east to the Ukraine, in the southeast to Bulgaria and Greece in the south to Italy and Spain. Outside Europe finds in Algeria, northern Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey are documented. In Australia, it was introduced by human activities
One finds the Winged St. John's wort on wet marshy rich soils such as meadow ditches, wet meadows and banks of ponds and streams.