Hypodontia

Hypodontia ( " toothed " from ancient Greek. Ὕπο hypo- " under " and ὀδόντος odontos ) is a dental outnumbered. Among the by agenesis (aplasia ) is understood as conditional absence of one or more teeth. Absence of several teeth ( approximately more than 5 teeth) one speaks of a oligodontia (from ancient Greek ὀλίγο " little ". ) And the absence of all teeth is called anodontia (from ancient Greek ἀ (v ) -. " Without").

True hypodontia

The real hypodontia is congenital and often hereditary. As a result, a developmental disorder they can be shared with other diseases or abnormalities occur: Down Syndrome Christ- Siemens -Touraine syndrome, Anhydrosis hypotrichotica, arachnodactyly, Bloch- Sulzberger syndrome, Curtius syndrome, Chondroektodermaldysplasie, dysostosis acrofacialis, dysostosis mandibulofacialis dysplasia linguofacial, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, Ektodermalsyndrom, Hemolytic anemia or Lipoidproteinose.

Frequency and distribution

The Hypodontia is one of the most common abnormalities. 3.5-8.0 % of the population are affected (other than the third molars ). The lack of wisdom teeth can be observed for 20-23 % of the population.

In humans, the frequency of the absence of individual teeth distributed in a real hypodontia as follows:

• Third molars (wisdom teeth / of 8 )
• Upper lateral incisors (teeth 12 and 22)
• Lower second premolars (teeth 35 and 45)
• Lower central incisors (teeth 31 and 41)
• Other premolars and lower lateral incisors
• Relatively rare: upper central incisors (teeth 11 and 21), canines, ( 3 ), upper and lower 1st and 2nd molars ( 6 and 7 )

In the primary dentition Hypodontien are much rarer.

Acquired or loggerhead hypodontia

Traumatic ( accidental ) events can thus lead to premature tooth loss and to hypodontia, as well as osteomyelitis or even X-ray and radium radiation. A central dislocation of a primary tooth can lead to damage to the tooth bud of the permanent tooth has already been created, so that it could have stunted. Strictly speaking, of course, the (early ) loss of teeth due to caries a form of tooth outnumbered, but here we speak rather of a denture reduction.

Pretended hypodontia ( Hypodontia spuria )

Are teeth created but do not break through, there is a Hypodontia spuria (from Latin: spurius "false, spurious " ) before.

Therapeutic measures

Basically, orthodontic, prosthodontic, implantology and maxillofacial surgical measures are possible. The treatment needs to be planned separately for each case, because many factors are important: number of missing teeth, condition and position of the teeth of the existing teeth, jaw size and position of the jaw to one another, general illnesses, not to mention the financial aspects. Often a combination of several complementary therapeutic measures is useful and necessary, so that a close coordination and cooperation of the above dental disciplines is needed. Where possible you will orthodontic measures to give priority and only then include surgical ( exposing impacted teeth or even tooth implants or transplants ) or the dentures as a treatment option in the therapy.

References and sources

• Disease in dentistry
• Malformation