Ibn 'Abd al-Barr

Ibn ʿ Abd al - Barr, with the full name Yūsuf ibn ʿ Abd Allāh ibn Muhammad ibn ʿ Abd al -Barr / يوسف بن عبد الله بن محمد بن عبد البر / Yūsuf b. ʿ Abd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. ʿ Abd al - Barr ( * 978 in Córdoba, † 1071 in Xativa ), was one of the most famous jurists of his time in Islamic Spain, Qadi of Lisbon and Santarém.

Life

His work comes at a time of cultural flowering of al -Andalus with the center of Córdoba, which he had not left during his student days. After the inter-Muslim civil war (1009-1031), he left the city and entered his study tour in al -Andalus in to then settle in Denia. He was a personal friend of the theologian Ibn Hazm († 1064 ) and at the beginning of his career, supporters of Zahiriten. Later he was a member of the Maliki school of law, but also sympathized with the Shafi'i.

Works

Ibn ʿ Abd al -Barr refers in his major works on fifty-seven writings, which he in various fields of Islamic sciences - and wrote the general in his own lifetime recognition found - Quran Sciences, Hadith, theology, fiqh and historiography.

His main works are two extensive comments to the Muwatta Maalik ibn Anas ʾ by:

• Study to discuss the directions of legal scholars in the provincial centers about what Maalik presented in the Muwatta ʾ at opinio and tradition:

الاستذكار في شرح مذاهب علماء الأمصار مما رسمه الامام مالك في الموطأ من الرأي والآثار, DMG al - istaḏkār fī Sharḥ maḏāhib ʿ ulama ʾ ʾ l - amsar mimma rasama -hu al - Malik fī - ʾ l - Muwatta ʾ min al -ra ʾ y wa - ʾ l - Atar. In this extensive legal and hadith compendium, the author cites 116 scholars, that of Maalik ibn Anas explained in Muwatta ʾ traditional material and provides it with regard to the controversial law teachings of other law schools Represents the work is the first time in 1993 in twenty-seven volumes in Cairo appeared in print.

• Introduction to the meanings and Isnaden the Muwatta ʾ

التمهيد لما في الموطأ من المعاني والأسانيد at- Tamheed li - mā ʾ fi - l - Muwatta ʾ min al -ma ʿ ani wa - ʾ l - asānīd. The first printed edition of the work ( Rabat 1967-1992 ) includes twenty-six volumes. This extensive work that the contemporary of the author of the famous representatives of Zahiriten Ibn Hazm († 1064 ), as the best work of Hadith (fiqh al - hadith ) designated is compiled by the direct sources of the author of Muwatta ʾ with their respective Isnaden. The referenced there prophetic statements supplemented Ibn ʿ Abd al -Barr with the corresponding versions of the tradition literature and adds at the end of each chapter its own view with references to the doctrinal differences of his predecessors that affect the understanding of the Sunnah, added.

• Controversy doctrines of Malik and his followers

Ichtilāf aqwāl Maalik wa - ashābihi / إختلاف أقوال مالك وأصحابه / ihtilaf aqwāl Maalik wa - aṣḥābihi; of which only the first part, the questions of ritual purity and prayer is discussed obtained. The author summarizes the Madhab internal doctrinal differences of the Maliki school of law with reference to Malik's theory and its modification outside of Medina, especially in Fustat, Baghdad and al -Andalus, together.

• The explanation of ( Hadit ) science and its benefits

Jami ʿ Bayān al - ʿ ilm wa - faḍlihi / جامع بيان العلم وفضله / Ǧāmi ʿ Bayān al - ʿ ilm wa - Fadli -hi sums based on traditions of the benefits of employment with the hadith sciences, the art of the tradition of the Hadith in Islamic scholarship and his position in the sciences as a source of jurisprudence, as Sunnah, together. This extensive work has been printed in the East several times. A critical edition in two volumes was published in 1998. The author uses in this work mainly on works by scholars from the Islamic East, as on the back traditionsmethodologische ( usul al - hadith ) signature of the Hanafi AT- Tahawi from Egypt.

• Study of the knowledge of the Prophet's companions

Al - Isti ʿ fī ma ʿ rifat āb al - Ashab / الاستيعاب في معرفة الأصحاب / al - Isti ʿ fī ma ʿ rifat āb al - Ashab is a comprehensive biography of the companions of Muhammad. In alphabetical order, the four -volume work contains 4224 entries and describes the life and work of the Prophet's companions.

In another work, Ibn ʿ Abd al -Barr dealt with the biographies of the three major Maalik Ibn Anas legal scholars, Imam Abu Hanifa and ash- Shafi ʿ ī. Besides the above mentioned books that are available in oriental prints a summary of the biography of the Prophet and the campaigns of Muhammad is obtained, however, which remains in its value after the Prophet 's biography of Ibn Ishaq and al - Waqidi the work. The literary-historical and legal -historical significance of Ibn ʿ Abd al -Barr lies in the presentation of rich materials from both the Islamic East as well as from Islamic Spain, which have been lost over the centuries.