IEC 60309
IEC 60309 ( IEC 309 to 1999 ) is an international standard for " plugs, sockets and couplers for industrial purposes ." It represents a form of industrial and multi-phase plug
Part 1 of the standard describes the general requirements for each connector used in industry. Part 2 specifies a series of connectors with round cases with a different number and arrangement of the pins for various applications. The maximum allowable voltage is 690 volts ( AC or DC voltage ), the maximum current capability of 125 amps. The permissible operating temperature ranges from -25 to 40 ° C. The design of a collar plug causes a good mechanical protection of the plug pins when dealing with the plugs ( construction, industry, agriculture ).
As CEE DC connector or CEE plugs and sockets, the two most common connector of the connector system are referred to colloquially: There are red connector for three-phase alternating current with neutral and protective conductors and a rated voltage of 400 volts and the blue connector type with only one phase, neutral and protective conductor for a voltage of 230 volts.
- 3.1 L N PE, 6h
- 3.2 3L N PE, 6h
- 3.3 L N PE, 4h
- 3.4 3L N PE, 9h
- 3.5 3L PE, 6h
- 4.1 Phase reversing plug
- 4.2 Drehrichtungsprüfstecker
- 4.3 adapter cables
Standardisation
This round plug device was originally developed by the CEE (Commission Internationale de réglementation en vue de l' approbation de l' équipe électrique ) designed, which is since 1985 as the IECEE (System for conformity assessment systems of electrical equipment and components) a standard organ of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). It is the same commission that drove the standardization of European types of power plug ( CEE system with CEE 7/4 aka Schuko CEE 7/ 5 France and CEE 7/7 German / French hybrid plug, then later CEE 7/15 Euro plug). The standardization of industrial connector types has been carried out in the CEE 17 in the 1960s, which was acquired in 1968 in the UK as BS 4343 and later to the IEC 60309 was. Therefore, from the English " CEE -form plug" borrowed designation comes as CEE-plug connectors.
The standard series is standardized as SN EN 60309 in Germany under the name of DIN EN 60309, in Austria as OEVE / OENORM EN 60309, as well as in Switzerland. Similarly, the VDE performs this standard under the classification VDE 0623rd
Since January 1, 1975 were allowed in West Germany no rotational power connector to the old standard DIN 49450 / DIN 49451 ( flat plug device ) be used with the reunification had to be converted to 1998 on the round plug in the GDR even longer existing facilities. While round plug can also be also created in the 1960s Perilex plug, 60309 connectors was mostly converted, as these had already enforced in Europe and internationally on the IEC.
Plug design
IEC 60309-2 connectors exist in many varieties, and they were designed so that each always fits only one type of plug into a socket of the same type. Furthermore, the nature and the diameter of the connector from its current carrying capacity is dependent. A distinction is made between the currents 16 A, 32 A, 63 A and 125 A. Thus, it is not possible to connect plugs and sockets of different currents. There are connectors with three, four or five contacts. All the contact pins are arranged in a circle in the housing.
In contrast to standard household plug systems (eg Schuko) was in the design of the IEC 60309-2 connector on the uniqueness of phase ( L) and neutral ( N) and an optimal power transfer through large contact areas between the pins of the plug and the sockets the socket or coupling value set. The sockets are designed for this purpose as a slotted brass tubes with steel tension springs, so that almost the entire cylinder surface is effective for the current transition between plug and socket. Unwanted heating at high current load is counteracted. As a disadvantage that relatively large push-in and pull-out can be seen. An additional safeguard against undesired separation is effected by the function of the spring-loaded hook of the hinged lid box and clutch.
Characteristic colors
Depending on the nominal voltage and frequency are color coded plug and connector. The typical supply voltages and frequencies today are based throughout on a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz, so that the cabinet color denotes the nominal voltage. Spreads are thus yellow ( 110 volts), blue ( 230 volts) and red ( 400 volts). Black with 500 volts can be found frequently on ships.
At frequencies above 60 Hz ( 500 Hz), the characteristic color green is used. The characteristic color gray is always used when there is no other suitable color code for voltage or frequency. This results in the following assignment of the characteristic colors:
Position of the grounding
The various voltages and frequencies of the connectors are determined by the location of the grounding. The ground conductor is located in one of twelve possible positions, is divided into 30 -degree steps in a clockwise direction. Position 6 is from the perspective of a female connector the lowest point. This is marked by an outer catch on the connector and the corresponding notch on the socket. Furthermore, the protective conductor is thicker than the remaining contacts. Thus, connection reliability is guaranteed. In addition, the contact resistance, which may just be vital in protecting conductors reduced. The position of the protective conductor is also shown on the cover of the bush in an hour format. 6h for example, means that the safety ground is connected at 6 clock, ie at position 6.
Connectors for voltages up to 50 volts
Connectors for voltages up to 50 volts have no protection contact. In its place, the connectors have an auxiliary nose ( and the bushes a recording them) which is formed as the main lug at 6 clock, but it can take on the periphery of different positions. The connectors and couplings are thus protected against reverse polarity and can be used for DC voltage. The coupling part is colored purple for example.
Type table
1) for refrigerated containers; 2 ) for ships; 3) Output of an isolating transformer with U> 50 V
Protection
All connectors shall be so constructed that they have at least the degree of protection IP 44. From a rated current of 125 A IP 67 protection is provided in accordance with EN 60529. To reach the protection class IP 67, an annular bayonet with rubber seal was developed. Even connector in the smaller current strengths are available in protection class IP 67 This form of connection is especially recommended for wasserungeschützte outdoor use. In connectors with protection class IP 44 can penetrate backwaters (eg puddles ) and it could lead to undesirable overcurrent protection shutdowns by the fault current protection switch.
Pilot contact
Since the ( intentional or unintentional ) interrupting the circuit by disconnecting the plug connection to a switching arc to male and female and thus to increased wear of the connector and possibly may result in a risk to the plug -withdrawing person is in the IEC 60309 connectors from the 63- O version optional pilot contact in the middle provided. This is shorter than the rest of the contacts and is under load when pulling interrupt the control current for equipment or trigger a contactor to disconnect the circuit at a specially constructed switch before this happens on the connector. The pilot contact is there to connect the wire to the neutral conductor. Thus a contactor actuator are towards the neutral conductor on one of the outer conductor and so switch off the unit before disconnecting the plug contacts.
Most commonly used types
The most common types are CEE blue L N PE, and CEE red 3L N PE. On the connector shells are sometimes the outer conductor instead denoted by the letter "L" with "P" - not to be confused with "PE", which refers to the protective conductor. The color of case refers to the regionally available mains voltage at 110 V yellow, blue at 230 V and at 400 V red. In each case, the predominant 16- amp and 32- amp versions.
L N PE, 6h
Outside the blue connector has "L N PE, 6h " enforced to (single-phase household current) to connect devices to the normal European 230 -volt alternating current. The connector provides a higher-quality alternative ( mechanical protection of the pins, reverse polarity protection, safety plug, better current transfer, international standardization, no "cheap models " ) for Schuko connectors are available. It is specified for a load of 230 V/16 A ( 3.68 kW). " Schuko ", however, is not reverse polarity protected, not robust enough ( if higher dust and splash protection required ) and only briefly with 16 A ( maximum continuous load about 10 A / 2.3 kW ) should be charged to excessive heating of the plug-in connection to the to avoid destruction. For higher 230 V AC currents 16 A and blue connectors for 32 A, 63 A and 125 A are available, but these are rare.
Since the "L N PE, 6h - Connector" in Europe are almost universally found on campsites, they are used by some people umgangssprachig also "Camping plug " or "Caravan plug " called. Due to the international standards, they are widespread in addition to the camping area in marinas and have other connector systems displaced. They are also used in transport, industrial, construction and commercial enterprises use ( inter alia quality server racks are connected via this connector and then offer inside the rack, a number Schuko power strips ). Because a power switch devices often turns on only one core, it can be ensured with this connector that always the outer conductor and not the neutral conductor is connected. Adapter cables connected to a grounded plug on a blue CEE AC coupling are therefore not conform to standards ( phase margin ).
3L N PE, 6h
In most European countries use 400 V three-phase alternating current is preferred the red connector " 3L N PE, 6h " used mostly in versions for 16 A and 32 A. The large spread of the five-pin plug in the German language area is colloquially called "AC plug " (although there are in the IEC 60309 standard four -pin connector for the connection of three-phase alternating current without neutral ). Applied this combination plug to connect the "AC - consumer " ( construction machines, heaters, motors, small machine tools and so on ) to the three- phase AC mains. Furthermore, they are at high current intensities (such as light and sound systems in stage technology, ACS ) were used.
The connectors are used in versions 16 A, 32 A, 63 A and 125 A. The versions for 16 A and 32 A look at first glance look the same, but that is for 32 A slightly larger than that for 16 A. The connectors have five contacts, three of which the outer conductors (L1, L2, L3 ) of the network, shall act as the neutral conductor ( N) and the thicker, leading the protective conductor ( earth potential, PE).
L N PE, 4h
The yellow connector " L N PE, 4h " had in the UK outside spread before there was mostly converted from 110 V to 230 /240 V. In large but declining areas, a double voltage supply in the household sector is still common. The IEC 60309 connector there is generally called "MK Commando " after their first use in this L N PE version for 110 V.
3L N PE, 9h
The blue connector " 3L N PE, 9h " in the United States available as an alternative to NEMA plugs in the outer region is, but with 120 V ( sometimes also 110 V) used in other countries mains voltage. In particular, in the event technology, the plug-in system is widespread - but not three-phase power is usually picked up here, but it will work with the spread in the U.S. single-phase three-wire power connectors ( completely uncommon in Europe). It can alternatively 120 V between phase and neutral conductors are tapped, or it is taken twice the voltage between two phase conductors with 240 V. As for these two modes no three phase conductors must be passed, there is also a ( non-standard ) yellow four-pin connector for 120 and 240 V single-phase alternating current.
3L PE, 6h
Three-phase motors need to run no neutral conductor ( delta, colloquially, " Bauer three-phase " ), so there is next to the five -pole AC plug and a four-pin variant " 3L PE, 6h " in red for 400 volt three-phase alternating current. In practice, however, find more old four-core cable with five pin connectors. It should therefore be checked by measuring (for example, with a continuity tester ) with unknown cables with five-pin plugs and connectors, whether the neutral is carried. If omitted, the connected loads does not work via this cable for 230 V - they need the neutral. Are different devices connected to different external leads, this can lead to overvoltage and destruction of equipment. Cable with five pin connectors without entrained neutral conductors are not permitted. For this purpose, four pole connector available. The earth has, of course, also in this case be provided, as a correct earthing connection to the supplying outlet. Since neither of which is required for the function here also suggest a protective conductor test.
Special Applications
Phase reversing plug
Mandatory is the outer conductor wiring (phase sequence ) with a clockwise rotation, ie with a view must be only the first, then the second and finally the third phase conductor clockwise to the socket its peak voltage reached ( principle see three-phase motor ). In practice, one can not always rely on the prescribed correct assignment order of the outer conductor, it is the absence of test tool or convenience is not always respected. Therefore, it may happen that connected motors do not rotate in the expected safe direction. Remedied by swapping two outer conductor by a qualified electrician so as to produce the correct direction. In so-called phase inverter plugs this can be carried out by qualified persons by rotating two pins, which are secured thereto in a rotatable plate.
Drehrichtungsprüfstecker
To check the correct direction of rotation of three-phase sockets and coupling connectors offer several manufacturers test plug. Here the tester is already integrated into a matching connector and is displayed directly by glow lamps or more LEDs if the phase sequence is correct or incorrect, or even missing a phase.
Adapter cables
Adapter cables are often used to make a mobile electrical connection, if not the desired plug-in connection is located on site. Several useful variations are to be found there. In individual cases, not permitted adapter cables are also available according to the norms to be found, which may pose a risk without this the user is clear without electrical training. It can cause a risk of fire or hazardous to humans, reverse polarity over-hedged cable cross-sections and devices.