Illocutionary act

Illocutionary act ( illocutionary speech act well, or illocution illocutionary act ) is a term used in linguistic pragmatics. It refers to the actual purpose of a speech act, ie the speech act underlying intention of the speaker. This purpose can consist in a belief, a desire, an intention or an emotion to express or to bring about a change in the world. It is Eindeutschungen of English art words illocution or illocutionary act (in a sense, in speaking fully coated act ', from Latin Locutio = ' language ' to loquor = talk '), the John Langshaw Austin has introduced in his speech act theory and the " the full pull an action with the help of a spoken utterance call ".

Illokution at Searle

John Searle distinguishes the following five subtypes:

• Assertive ( assurance, with varying degrees of certainty ). Its purpose is the communication of a conviction; Examples: find, confirm, deny, explain, describe.
• Directive ( statement). With them, the speaker tries to move the listener to do something; So there is a desire to communicate. Examples: ask, tell, ask, beg.
• Commissive (commitment ). The speaker is committed to something ( voluntarily ) to do in the future; So he expresses an intention. Examples: swear, promise, threaten, guarantee.
• Expressive ( emotional expression ). Here, the speech act is an end in itself. Examples: thank, congratulate, welcome, apologize, express condolences.
• Declaration ( declaration). Something is the case because the speaker is saying that is the case. Examples: a session open ( by the statement " The session is open " ), a pair married ( by the statement "I hereby pronounce you husband and wife " ), Accolade, declaration of war.

Demarcation to lokutiven, perlokutiven and propositional act

The illocutionary act is an " aspect ", a "partial action ", " function", " component ", " purpose " or " specific role " of the speech act, the "plot purpose of an utterance ." In the speech act he is distinguished from the aspects of locution ( lokutiver Act) and perlocution ( perlokutiver act ) and Searle of the proposition. The theory of illocutionary act is considered the " heart of the Searle'schen speech act ", in the center it stands accordingly.

The central idea of the concept of illocution is that with a lokutiven act also an illocutionary act is performed. (: Illocutionary force illocutionary engl role; communicative power too.) Identify Besides the importance which belongs to lokutiven act is a specific illocutionary force. Thus, the " power -assertive " by Gottlob Frege is " generalized ". While Austin etc. in findings and allegations Only a locutionary and not yet emanated from a illocutionary act, an illocutionary act is seen since Searle even with these utterance acts. For Searle, the " illocutionary act [ ... ] the smallest complete unit of linguistic understanding of man" or in the "Understanding the smallest unit of meaning ."

The illocutionary force of a Äußerungsakts itself can be explicitly stated by the speaker in the utterance

But they may also be exercised indirectly

Propositional content

Searle analyzed in addition to the enunciation and the illocutionary act as an aspect of a speech act and the propositional act:

According to him, " between the content, the have the act, and the act - type to which he belongs " to distinguish. " This distinction corresponds exactly to the distinction ... between the propositional content that has an intentional state, and the state type to which he belongs ": It is necessary to distinguish between the " content of an illocutionary act and his act - type". The content of an illocutionary act is to be " propositional content " .. When speech can therefore what the " illocutionary [n ] type or constitutes its illocutionary force ", " his [m ] propositional content " to be separated from. Searle symbolizes the structure of an illocutionary act in accordance with R ( p).