Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA; German: Immigration and Nationality Act; Also: McCarran -Walter Act ) was a United States federal law passed in 1952 which regulated immigration into the United States.
General
The INA restricted immigration into the U.S. and is codified under Title 8, United States Code. The law regulates immigration to the United States and American citizenship. Before the entry into force of the INA passed governing immigration already various statutes that were not organized within a text corpus.
Background, history and provisions
Named is the law according to its initiators, the Senator Pat McCarran of Nevada and Congressman Francis E. Walter of Pennsylvania, both members of the Democratic Party. President Harry S. Truman got vetoed the bill, which he regarded as " un-American " and discriminatory. In the House, but it was assumed to be 278:113 votes in the Senate with votes 57:26. Without Truman signed the law was passed on 11 June 1952.
Breed restrictions that until then existed, were abolished in the INA, a quota system was maintained, and the policy is to restrict the number of immigrants from certain countries has continued. The INA laid down, further, what ethnic groups are to be preferred to the immigration. Applicants with special professional qualifications are preferred on the basis of the law in general.
The INA defines three types of immigrants: 1 relatives of American citizens that are exempt from the quota system and can enter without restrictions, 2 Other immigrants, whose number per year can not be greater than 270,000; 3 refugees.
The law allows the government to immigrants or naturalized Americans who are involved in subversive activities, expel, and persons who are suspected of such activities, do not enter the United States. This provision was used until its abolition in 1990, to prevent members, former members and followers of the Communist Party at the entry to the USA. Among them were many prominent figures such as the later Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, the sociologist Tom B. Bottomore, cultural scientist Ángel Rama, the philosopher Michel Foucault, the Nobel Prize winner Gabriel García Márquez, Pablo Neruda and Carlos Fuentes and the writer Graham Greene were, Doris Lessing, Dennis Brutus, Farley Mowat, Kobo Abe, Julio Cortázar, Mahmoud Darwish, Dario Fo and Jan Myrdal.
Individual parts of the INA are applicable to the present day law; a large part of its provisions, however, was set by the Immigration and Naturalization Services Act of 1965 repealed.
Prompted by the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001, the INA has been fundamentally recast in March 2003, with especially those provisions have been included, which allow it to prevent terrorism suspects at the entry to the U.S. or to expel them from the USA. These revisions have been found in the media and in academia much attention.