Indo-Sassanids
The Persian Sassanid Empire had his domain during the 3 / 4 Century expanded at the expense of the Kushan up in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent. The Sassanids sat in that room a governor, called Kushano - Sassanids (less than Indo- Sassanids ); this refers mainly to the coinage of the local Sassanid governor ( Kushanshahs ). In the late 5th century 4./frühen the rule of the Sassanids ( Kidariten and later the Hephthalites ) was in this room by the invasion " of Iranian Huns " pushed back. However, the Sassanids were able to win back some 560 areas after the destruction of the Hephthalitenreichs. The Sassanid Empire finally went under during the Islamic expansion in the 7th century.
History
First Period
After the victory over the Parthians extended the Sassanids, perhaps during the reign of Ardashir I, her power field as far as Bactria. Under Shapur I ( 240-270 ), the border of the empire was extended to present-day Pakistan. Thus, the Kushans lost their western areas (including Bactria and Gandhara ) to the Sassanids. This translated repeated their prince as governor in the East, contributed the title Kushanshah ( " king of the Kushan "). Many of them, like a brother Bahram II with names Hormizd, took this position for Usurpationsversuche from.
The sinking of the Kushans and their defeat by the Sassanids led to the rise of the indigenous Indian dynasty of the Gupta in the 4th century. In the early 5th century, the dating is problematic, however, took over the Hephthalites Bactria and Gandhara, and were able to temporarily displace the Sassanids.
Second Period
Middle of the 6th century there was an alliance between the Sassanids under Chosroes I. and Göktürks under Sizabulos († 576 ). the Hephtaliten between 560 attacked and beaten by various parties were consequently (where the remains of their rule, however, held in what is now Afghanistan). The territory was divided between the Turks and the Persians and thus restored the kingdom entertaining.
Middle of the 7th century the Sassanid Empire went under as a result of the Arab conquest. Sindh remained independent until the early 8th century. The Kuschano - Hephthalites were replaced middle of the 8th century by the Hindu Shahi.
Religion
The Prophet Mani, founder of Manichaeism, was followed by the Sassanid expansion to the east, which brought him to the Buddhist culture Ghandarras in contact. He is to have in Bamiyan lived and taught for some time rumored. There, they found some religious paintings which were dedicated to him. In addition, it should be sailed by 240 or 241 by the Indus and have the Buddhist King Turan Shah of India converted.
Kartir, a Zoroastrian high priest who has served at least three of the former kings as a consultant, called for the persecution of the Jews, Buddhists, Hindu and the indigenous and Greek Christians and Manicheans, which were located primarily in the Eastern territories. The persecutions were set during the reign of Narseh ( 293-302 ).
Art
The Kushano - Sassanids negotiated with goods such as silver items and textiles, which were the Sassanid rulers in the hunt or in the case law. The example of Sassanid art had a great influence on that of the Kushans. This persisted for several centuries in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent.
Swell
The history of the kingdom can be opened up almost entirely of the coins and is correspondingly problematic. There are few direct written references to it. The coins are clearly influenced Sassanid, but there are also Kushan features. The front usually shows a picture of each ruler with his headdress, on the back occurs, either the Indian god Shiva on with his bull Nandi, or it is presented a Zoroastrian fire age. The legends are in Brahmi, Pahlavi and Bactrian.
The last occupied Kushanshah was probably a brother Schapurs II, who was present at the siege of Amida in the year 359.
The main Kushano - Sassanid kings
- Ardashir I Sassanian king and " Kushanshah " (ca. 230-250 ) coin
- Peroz I. " Kushanshah " (ca. 250-265 ) coin
- Hormizd I. " Kushanshah " (ca. 265-295 ) coin
- Hormizd II " Kushanshah " (ca. 295-300 )
- Peroz II " Kushanshah " (ca. 300-325 ) coin
- Shapur II Sassanian king and " Kushanshah " (ca. 325 ) Coin
- Bahram I. " Kushanshah " (ca. 325-350 ) coin
- Peroz III. " Kushanshah " ( 350 ) Coin