Iranian architecture
The Persian architecture is characterized by continuity. Once found spatial concepts are maintained over centuries or slowly changing and evolving.
Among the most important creations of the Persian architecture of Ivan, the dome and the Tromp Tromp dome includes four arches, which first appears in Sassanid fire temples called Chahar Tagh.
Historical Overview
Achaemenid Empire ( 559-330 BC)
Before the 6th century BC, Cyrus II (the Great) in an amazingly short time, the first " world empire " created, the Persians were a people of modest political importance and had hardly own cultural tradition. The residences and palaces of the Achaemenid Empire were to architectural masterpieces, as the new rulers built the cultural achievements of the conquered peoples with respect.
Likewise, how called, the Shah of the Persian Empire as King of Kings, can the art of the Achaemenid called art of arts. This applies to a very significant extent for the architecture. For the large -royal palaces in Pasargadae and Susa and Persepolis works for the palace city of the high cultures were selected, whether Greek, Mesopotamian or Egyptian, and something Bathroom Private reshaped. So found on Achaemenid palaces monumental gates with typical Egyptian fillets, columns ionic features ( and were created by ionic masons ), Assyrian- Babylonian bas-reliefs and those of Assyrian art borrowed mythical creatures ( Lamassu ) consisting of winged cattle bodies with bull or human heads exist and the pairs at the Torgebäuden arranged the function of guards took over.
A Achaemenid palace complex is made up of several individual buildings. In the oldest system of Pasargadae the widely scattered buildings were part of the first detectable Persian Paradeisos, a huge fenced garden with artificial watercourses, lakes, palaces and pavilions. In contrast, the edifices at Persepolis are much closer together and are more related to each other. Even in Pasargadae, a distinction between a residential palace and an audience Palace ( the Apadana ).
The palace buildings consist of a central rectangular hall with walls of dried mud, whose wooden flat roof was supported by stone columns. At least one, but sometimes on all four sides join outwardly open porches whose roofs were also supported by columns. In Pasargadae the central interior towered over the surrounding lobbies, so that windows were possible in the upper wall zone. In Persepolis lobbies and central portico have become the same height, which makes almost certain the former presence of skylights in the roof.
Reconstruction of Apadanahalle in Persepolis
The 100 pillared hall in Persepolis
Roof reconstruction Persepolis, Charles Chipiez, detail
The contact of the Iranian architect with the small Asian- ionic Bauwelt was crucial to the Achaemenid palaces. Since you combined the stone pillars with a wooden roof beams you ventured into the Apadana of Persepolis intercolumniations of 8.65 m. The columns reach a height of 19.25 m and an aspect ratio of 12 diameters. The result was a 3,600 m² large interior full of light-heartedness and grace and with a width never again reached even in the Greek architecture. Not to mention at this point that the Persians were originally nomadic and it is to a small extent even today. Therefore, the airy halls of the Achaemenid Empire were often referred to as " petrified ruler tents ".
Some examples of contemporary Iranian architecture
The Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, integration of traditional wind tower elements
The train station of Mashhad, Yves Ghiai
Close-up of Dariushhotels
The City Theater in Tehran
See also
- Parthian art
- Sassanian art
- Meidan -e Emām, Isfahan