Islam in Hungary
Islam in Hungary dates back to the 10th century. The Muslims, who were then brought with economic privileges to the land remained largely among themselves. This did not change after the military conquest further parts of the country by the Ottomans in the 16th century, although Hungary experienced by the extensive displacement of the Christian life from the public and the installation of an optical Muslim mosques transformation. With the complete return of the country under Habsburg rule, the Islamic influences of the Turkish occupation were pushed back again.
10th to 13th century
The first Muslim merchants migrated at the behest of the Hungarian Grand Duke Taksony in the 10th century in Hungary. It instructed the newcomers to settle in the area of the former Roman fort Castra Aquincum, from which plague, now part of Budapest developed. He also gave the Muslims the monitoring of the Danube ferry between the two towns, Buda and Pest. As a result, support the Árpádenherrscher this policy, as the first Hungarian chronicle, the Gesta Hungarorum report.
" ... So the venerable men Billa and Baksh came with many Muslims from the country bular here. The Duke ( Geza, father of Stephen I ) told them a possession in different regions of the country and beyond a castle called plague ... "
Due to its location and the Danube ferry early plague acquired a certain importance for the long-distance trade. However, it is the Muslim merchants were not limited to Oriental luxury goods, but were on the 12th and 13th centuries actively involved in the lucrative wine and salt business in Hungary. The Muslim theologian and travel writer Abu Hamid al - Gharnati was around 1150 into contact with the Islamic diaspora in Hungary. Also, the Muslim geographer Yaqut al - Hamawi al- Rumi reported in the 13th century on Muslims in Hungary, where he did not know the country itself. In his geographical dictionary " Mu'ajam al - Buldan " he tells of a meeting with Muslim youth from Hungary in Syria, who told him about life in the Magyar kingdom.
The Árpád allowed the influential being Muslims to take significant positions in the financial sector of the country. So they got the right to lease the royal revenue and independently collect. But at the beginning of the 13th century restriction claims against Muslims and Jews have been raised for the first time. The Hungarian nobleman, the servientes regis, the privileges had been removed by royal behest. Thereupon, the Adel wrote the Golden Bull of 1222 in the complaints that it was forbidden the natives to accept the Chamber Earl Office to operate a currency exchange as well as to work for customs revenue or salt trade. Since the Hungarian crown but did not want to give up the lucrative business with the Muslims, the nobility increased with a renewal of the bull and with the help of the church the pressure on the royal family. 1232 all Muslim purchase and finance people were forced to withdraw. Also, all Saracens living in plague left the country. Instead of the German Muslims were now brought into the country, which included the resulting economic gaps.
Turkish occupation of Hungary agent
1526, after the Battle of Mohács, the Turks began with the occupation and external Islamic transformation of Hungary. As of 1541, the conquerors had direct authority over Central Hungary. You installed five pashas, each with a district office ( pashaliks ) under the control of Belerbeg, the other sitting in Buda pasha. The administration of the occupying power remained for the residents despite the relative national and religious freedom a foreign body, especially since the get during the war remained larger and more important churches of the country either destroyed or the Christians were taken away, to convert them into mosques. The now deprived of their bells towers were given a wooden collar, exclaimed the muezzin to prayer from the. Elsewhere mosques were built as new construction.
The balance of the Turkish occupation was disastrous for Hungary. The once richest areas in southern Hungary and the central lowlands was devastated a wide area and the population wiped out already in the middle of the 16th century. Before the battle of Mohács presented the hungary -born residents around 75 to 80 percent of the estimated 3.5 to 4 million people total population that had declined in 1600 to just 2.5 million. After the retreat of the Turks in 1720, the country had achieved the first time in its late medieval state. The Magyars suffered not only from the heavy fighting, but were also sold as slaves coveted in the Orient.
During the Ottoman occupation of Hungary some Muslim personalities were born in Hungary. So, who was born in Nagykanizsa Grand Vizier of Croatian descent, Kanijeli Siyavus Pasha, the thrice 1582-1593 but held this office and the Mevlevi dervish Pecsevi Arifi Ahmed Dede, a born in Pécs Turk.
Modern Times
In the 19th century, after the collapse of the revolution in 1849, emigrated about 6000 Poland and Hungary to General Joseph Bem to the Turkish exile. For example, the Hungarian officers Richard Guyon ( Kurshid Pascha), György Kmety ( Ismail Pasha ) and the Honved Colonel Baron Maximilian Stein ( Ferhad Pasha ), the generals were later. Guyon is considered the first Christian in the rank of Pasha and Turkish military grade, which was not compelled to convert what is seen as a signal of the modernization of Ottoman society in the 19th century.
Presence
In the capital, Budapest, there are three public Muslim prayer places, all in the downtown area. One of them, "Dar -es- Salam", is located near the Liberty Bridge. Funded by donations made since 2008, the construction of a large mosque, which is to summarize the three Muslim communities of the capital.