Istanbul Metro

The Metro Istanbul ( Turkish: İstanbul Metrosu ) is the metro system of the Turkish 15 -million city of Istanbul. It was opened in 1989 and consists of the lines M1A, M1B, M2, M3 and M4. Operated by urban transport company ulaşım Istanbul metro network is in development and currently includes 65 stations, 49 of them on the European side of the city and has a track length of 87 km ( February 2014 ). The Metro is one next to the S -Bahn, the light rail, tram and city bus and Fährliniennetz the backbone of the public transport of the city.

• 2.1 line M1A
• 2.2 line M1B
• 2.3 M2 line
• 2.4 M3 line
• 2.5 line M4
• 2.6 overall network

• 4.1 Extension of the M4
• 4.2 Removing the M3
• 4.3 Construction of the lines M5, M6 and M7 4.3.1 Construction of the Üsküdar - Çekmeköy Metro M5
• 4.3.2 Construction of the Mini -Metro (M6 ) in the financial district of Levent
• 4.3.3 Construction of the M7 from Kabataş after Mahmutbey

• 6.1 Vehicle types 6.1.1 Vehicles of M1A and M1B lines
• 6.1.2 Vehicles on the M2 line
• 6.1.3 Vehicles of the M3 line
• 6.1.4 Vehicles of the line M4

• 8.1 operating company
• 8.2 Operating times
• 8.3 Rates
• 8.4 Safety

History

Istanbul has the second oldest underground railway in continental Europe. The first and over a hundred years only underground railway line is the short Tünel station. This funicular railway tunnel was opened in 1875. In Europe, only the London Underground older ( opening 1863). The only 573 meter long track, which has only two stations, overcomes a height of 60 meters, is located in the Beyoğlu district, and is now not counted to the subway.

With the construction of modern subways as mass transportation until the late 1980s, began in Istanbul due to increasing congestion and the impending gridlock.

Construction of modern subway routes

Beginnings in the 1980s

1986/87 was the construction of a light rail was decided that was built north-west of Aksaray underground in 1989. The line was extended to 1995 in the district Yenibosna. The expansion reached the Ataturk airport in the west of the city in 2002. The 20 km long line has 18 stations today. It was a long time as Hafif Metro, so literally " light metro " refers to what could be translated as light rail. However, it is completely separated from other road and rail traffic, anywhere niederfluriger boarding is possible, which makes it a full fledged subway. The only thing reminiscent of a light rail, is operating with the top line, instead of subways typical lateral track. Therefore, the line was renamed M1, colloquially but it is still sometimes referred to as " Hafif Metro". With the tram line T4 Istanbul but actually has a light rail, for example, with the German city trains in Cologne, Frankfurt or Stuttgart is comparable. The T4 trains to the north of the line as a tram with crosses with the road. Some stations, however, are underground and therefore similar to the underground operation.

1990-2013

The construction of the second metro line began in 1992. The first section between Taksim and 4 Levent six-station was put into operation on 16 September 2000. The trains ran at peak times at five- minute intervals and transported 130,000 passengers daily. A trip between the two end stations took about 12 minutes. The subway was built by the cut- and-cover method to withstand an earthquake of magnitude 9. The six each in a different color designed stations of the first section are 4 Levent Levent, Gayrettepe, Şişli, Osmanbey and Taksim. On 30 January 2009, the line was extended at both ends: in the south to a stop from Taksim Square in Sishane and in the north by three stops from 4 Levent Atatürk Oto Sanayi up. The station Darüssafaka was opened on the north end on September 2, 2010. Since 11 November 2010, the station Seyrantepe is approached by a secondary branch of the line, in which the Turk Telekom Arena is located. On May 22, 2011, the last piece was opened after Haciosman, so that the line has assumed its current form with a total of 23.5 kilometers.

With the construction of another route, this time on the Asian side, the preliminary planning to the year 2005, 2010 has started. The there buses running M4, which runs under the D-100 highway, was opened on 17 August 2012. It leads from the Kadıköy district after Kaynarca and has now come to 19 stations. In İbrahimağa / Ayrılıkçeşme a transition to the Marmaray network or the S-Bahn and in Kadıköy on the T3 tram line is possible. In Ünalan can be switched to Metrobüs who drives to the European side of Istanbul.

A fourth metro line, which is located on the European side in the north- west of the city and is served by the M3 line, was handed over to the passenger service on 10 September, 2012. Closing the gap from the bus station to station Esenler Kirazlı on the M3 was completed with the completion of M1B on 14 June 2013.

New and expansion of other lines from 2014

At three other subway lines, the M5 on the Asian side and the lines M6 and M7 in the European part of the city, will be built; official opening dates are 2015 ( M5 and M6 ) and 2017 ( for the western section of the M7). The M1A and M1B lines are connected to the Marmaray interchange Yenikapı, so in Istanbul a larger geschlossenens speed rail network will be created then for the first time alongside the M2 yet in 2014.

Line courses

Line M1A

The preliminary southeastern starting point of the M1 is in Aksaray to the west of the historical peninsula, where an interchange with T1 is. Until the station Ulutbatlı - Topkapı, the interchange station to stop Vatan subway line T4, the route runs underground beneath the Adnan Menderes Boulevard to the northwest. At the station Kartaltepe - Kocatepe the curve turns to the south-west to the junction with the M1B on OTOGAR. Here the route takes the line M1A course on the Zeytinburnu station, an interchange with tram line T1; it passes through the district Ataköy, Bahçelievler and the exhibition center and leads to their underground southwestern terminus, the Ataturk Airport. The stations Aksaray, Emniyet - Fatih, Topkapi Ulubatlı, Bakırkoy - İncirli, Bahçelievler and airport are located underground. Above ground, but applied on a separate track body, are the stations Bayrampaşa - Maltepe, Sagmalçılar, Kartaltepe - Kocatepe, OTOGAR, Esenler, Terazidere, Zeytinburnu, Ataköy / Şirinevler, Yenibosna. Metro Stations Davutpaşa, Merter and DTM Fuar ( Exhibition Centre ) are located on a viaduct.

Line M1B

The Linienast the M1B leaves the common course with the M1A at the bus station OTOGAR. The route above ground to Esenler and from the converted subway station Esenler in subterranean course westward to Kirazlı where they long ends at the M3 until the nine -kilometer route between Halkalı Kirazlı and south-west rail station is completed. For the extension of Kirazlı station was developed as a railway junction.

Line M2

The route of the M2 line begins in Yenikapı S-Bahn station and runs underground in a northerly direction through the historic peninsula. The Golden Horn they crossed on a bridge, which also features the Metro Station Haliç (Golden Horn ) is located. After crossing the curve reaches the turn located underground metro station Sishane in the Beyoğlu district. To the northeast lies on the route of Taksim Square; from there you can be switched into the underground funicular F1 and nostalgic tram T5. North of the center are modern and Others Osmanbey, Şişli (with connection to Metrobüs ) Gayrettepe and the financial district of Levent. In Sanayi the line branches west to the football arena in Darüssafaka and north towards Haciosman. Up on the bridge over the Golden Horn, the entire curve is underground. The commissioning of the southern extension to Yenikapı occurred on 15 February 2014. Here, the Metro Station Haliç is in the middle of the bridge.

M3 line

The route of the M3 line starts at its southern end in Kirazlı. At this station, after the completion of M1B an interchange station to this direction east has emerged leading to the bus station line. So far, the range of M3 northwest extends to the station İkitelli Sanayi. From here, a road branches off to the west to the Olympic Center. The north extending second part of the track ends after four stops on the Metro station in Kent Başakşehir district.

Line M4

In Kadıköy route the line takes M4 their output at the local ferry port on the Asian side of Istanbul; there are within walking distance and the tram line T3 ring and a bus station. The line is to station Ayrılıkçeşme where with the completion of the Marmaray commuter train project on 29 October 2013, a transfer station evolved into a north-easterly course. You then bends to the east and extends from Ünalan where connection is made to the Metrobus towards the European side, in a southeasterly direction, largely under the D -100 highway to Kartal, its preliminary end point.

Overall network

Color scheme and line symbols

Each metro line is assigned a line characteristic color and a line symbol in the traffic line network of Istanbul. Istanbul ulaşım used to distinguish in the graph for all rail systems and the Metrobüs round line symbols, each represented by the letter ' M' Metro, 'B' for Banliyö Treni (S -Bahn ) and 'T' for Tramvay ( tram).

Expansion plans and progress

The metro network Istanbul is currently after years of stagnation in a steady structure, in which the various projects are at various stages. It is partially about the construction of new metro lines; the other part to extend existing systems with the aim to cross the lines and bring together (eg M1B/M3 or M1A & M1B/M2/S-Bahn ). 2013, a plan of the city administration under the title " Metro everywhere, Metro everywhere " published, which provides for the expansion of the entire rapid rail network ( including S -Bahn and tram) to accelerate after 2019 to a length of 774 km. The objective will be implemented in stages since 2010: On 13 June 2013, the line was put into operation M1B. It is a western branch of the M1 from the OTOGAR (remote bus ), so that the previous line M1 ( Aksaray - Ataturk airport) is now called the M1A. One located on the Asian side in construction line M5 is expected in 2015 start regular passenger service. The construction of a metro line from Kabataş after Mahmutbey (M7 ) is also included in the official public transport plan, such as the construction of a Bakırkoy - İncirli on the M1A west to Beylikdüzü ( TÜYAP ) planned metro line (M8 ). In addition, is expected to result from 2015 in the financial district of Levent a four stations and designated as a mini - metro line from the station Levent eastwards towards the Bosphorus. In the medium-term planning is the Istanbul rail network (S- Bahn and tram and metro) are expanded according to official statements by the city council in 2019 to 404 kilometers. This includes at Metro West extensions of existing lines M1B to Halkalı S-Bahn station and the M2 Yenikapı to İncirli included, such as the construction of two new lines on the Asian city page: One of them is the Sabiha Gökçen airport to the M4 and the intercontinental S- Bahn line Marmaray connect. The second line is from Bostanci northward crossing the M4 at Kozyatağı station and connect it to the line M5 at the station Dudullu.

Extension of the M4

The gap between the Aksaray station on the M1 and the train station Yenikapı is expected by 2014 closed, so until then newly established in Yenikapı Central Station into a major interchange station between the metro, tram and ferry services as well as long-distance lines the State railway company TCDD. The line M4 to be expanded first in the southeast of Kartal Pendik and to achieve long-term Sabiha Gokcen - Airport. Exact dates are not fixed yet here. The expansion will also take place in two stages.

Expansion of M3

The M3 branches at the station İkitelli Sanayi into two route branches. A Streckenast starts out from Kirazlı after Başakşehir, the other branch to the Ataturk Olympic Stadium in the northwest. In Kirazlı, provisional southern terminus of the M3, a transition between M3 and M1B is possible. Long term, the M3 is to be extended southward to the Marmaray railway station Bakırkoy. On this 9 km long extension of a further eight stations are located. The expansion to the south is expected to be completed in 2017.

Construction of lines M5, M6 and M7

Three routes are newly built and are scheduled to open in 2019. The hosting of the Olympic Games, for which Istanbul had unsuccessfully applied for, has had a connection to the sports facilities to the public rail network as a prerequisite. Since the completion of the running of Üsküdar after Çemeköy route will be done before the Kabataş - Mahmutbey -Metro, the former is called as line M5 and M7 latter line. In addition, an M6 is a branch of the M2 under construction.

Construction of Üsküdar - Çekmeköy Metro M5

The Üsküdar - Çemeköy Metro ( officially M5) is currently being built on the Asian side of the S-Bahn station Uskudar from the east. Construction began on 6 June, 2012. Intention here is 16 stations on the route. In Üsküdar a transition to the Marmaray S -Bahn will be possible. This distance is expected to be completed in 2015.

Construction of the Mini -Metro (M6 ) in the financial district of Levent

Until 2014, the five stations counted M6 go into operation. Bauvorleistungen have already been made. The drive from Levent after Hisarüstü will take five minutes. Per hour with the mini - metro 10,000 passengers can be carried. The goal is a better connection of the located on the Bosphorus district Asiyan to the M2. On the eastern terminus Hisarüstü there will be a transfer possibility in a cable car.

Construction of the M7 from Kabataş after Mahmutbey

The route of the line M7 will connect the district of Şişli Beşiktaş on the north-western parts of the city and stops next to the Golden Horn to the north. The end of the tender for the construction of the route was on 18 September 2013. On February 13, 2014 began with the construction of the section from the atmosphere around after Mahmutbey. The western end of the 25 km route, which will have 18 stations, will be in Mahmutbey on the M3. The section of Mahmutbey to Şişli, where an interchange is built for M2 is expected to open in 2017 and first approach to a length of 17.5 km 15 stations.

Planning the M8 Bakırköy - İncirli after Beylikdüzü

The tenders for a metro line from Bakırkoy - İncirli after Beylikdüzü, a suburb located at the very western edge of the city, was completed in late 2012. Construction of the line was taken by the Government in the transport development plan. Although construction is not yet fixed, the realization of the route is officially. The 25 km route will begin at the M1A/M3 Bakırkoy - İncirli station. From there, the route is north of the airport run to Küçükçekmece S-Bahn station and south of Küçükçekmece Lake of the highway follow D-100 in a northwesterly direction to Beylikdüzü ( Tüyap ). The line will initially have 17 stations.

Important nodes of the metro or subway lines

(Metro / Metro or Metro / other rail systems without Metrobus )

At some stations, such as in Aksaray or Yusufpaşa ( M1/T1 ) or in Ulutbatlı - Topkapı or Vatan ( M1/T4 ) must be completed between the breakpoints of the individual lines of passengers who want to change the line a walkway. The same is true for the transitions between the Metrobus system and the metro lines M1 and M2, eg in Sisi. Istanbul ulaşım recommended in the station announcements of trains travelers on the T1 in the West ( Airport ) and passengers on the M1 that want to drive from the airport on the T1 in the direction of the historical peninsula to change in Zeytinburnu, since there metro and tram directly to each other hold.

The intersecting or colliding lines to the newly produced correspondence stations, eg Yenikapı are, however, precisely folded at the same place, so as to facilitate a transfer.

Vehicles and track

Vehicle types

Vehicles of M1A and M1B lines

On the lines M1A and M1B Vehicles which the mid-1980s were built by SGP in Graz. These vehicles go by overhead line. Most trains from three double cars are assembled. Each double car has eight doors, four on each side. The double carriages are connected by a hinge that is passable for people, but can not the entire train will go through. In contrast to the types of trains used on the remaining lines in Istanbul is the seating arrangement in the M1 train sets not on longitudinal benches on the side walls, but cross seats in groups of four on the right and left sides of the aisle. All trains have passenger information via automated acoustic systems. Optical displays on the train location in the network and transfer connections have been retrofitted only in some cars. Non- electronic line network plans, however, are available. The trains can reach top speeds of up to 80 km / hr.

M1A Metro train at the station Zeytinburnu

Vehicles on the M2 line

On the M2, in addition to French Alstom rolling stock also Korean Eurotem Hunday Rothem Metro train types, which have been produced, however, in Adapazari (Turkey), are used. The 124 train units can carry 230,000 passengers a day. The system is fully automated, but may at any time be controlled manually. The trains are powered by a lateral busbar with electricity, which are coated current collectors ( voltage 750 V DC). The speed limit is 80 km / h The cars are 3.05 meters wide and 21.5 meters long. All cars are equipped with 8 double doors so that openings are 4 on each side per car for a quick change of passengers available, as well as heating, air conditioning and a video surveillance system.

LED - lit station plan in an M2 train

Interior of a subway car

Vehicles line M3

The M3 is powered by Alstom train sets of the brand. It involves the type Alstom Metropolis. First, a total of 80 cars available for use on the track. The trains in four-car units so that 20 Zuggespanne in use. Each car has eight doors. The cars are connected by transitions, so that the trains for passengers are completely accessible. For passenger information, there is a visual and audible system. All trains are under video surveillance, resulting in a higher security is to be ensured. The power supply is provided via a bus bar, which is located on the tunnel ceiling (voltage: 1500 V DC). The vehicles are 3,696 meters high and 2.78 meters wide.

Vehicles of the line M4

The train sets for the M4 was provided by the manufacturer CAF; they were developed and manufactured in the city Beasain in Spain. The contract for the supply of trains was signed in 2009. Since 2012 they are on the line M4 in use. The one of the 90 meter long train unit can carry up to 1300 passengers. The trains are 3.5 meters high and 3 meters wide. They operate in four-car units, with three cars are motorized. The top speed of the vehicles is 80 km / h All 144 trains have a modern train control system that allows the driver, among others the automatic door closing system, can see the brake system and the traction at a glance to. Each car has eight doors, four on each side. The energy is supplied by a bus bar (voltage: 1500 V DC), which is located on the tunnel ceiling. Was installed a visual and audible passenger information system and video surveillance as well as heating and air conditioning.

LED linear strip display on the ascent of an M4 - train

Interior of an M4 - train

Gauge

The track gauge is on all Istanbul subways - as with the tram (except the meter-gauge T3 ) and S -Bahn - 1435 mm ( standard gauge ). This allowed that earlier on the M1 and the tram line T1 (or today on the T4), the same vehicles could be used.

Station design

Expenses incurred during the 1980s and 1990s, the M1 metro stations are very functional. As in many stations that were built during this period, there are disguised as fluorescent bulbs, tile floors and ceiling coverings of white plastic ceiling slats. In central platforms the station construction is supported by square tiled center column. This is, for example, in Aksaray, Emniyet - Fatih and Topkapi Ulutbatlı the case. For wall design of the built around 2000 stations of the M1, about Bahçelievler or airport tile panels were used. In the metro station of the Ataturk airport tile paintings tell of the history of the city.

During construction of the M2 stations 2000-2011, attention was paid to light shades. The base color of the wall covering is white. Each station was to allow greater recognition own additional color accents, eg with a colored band in the center of the station walls. The direction platforms were more structurally separated even in central platforms or collected round support columns. Polished stone floors were on the M2 at almost every metro station as standard.

On the M4 consistently bright colors were used in the station and access areas. Just as the M2 very much more polished stone was installed.

Underpass in the Bostanci M4 station

Passage at Acıbadem M4 Station

The M4 metro station Bostanci

Access to the metro station Levent

Platform access with ticket barriers in the distribution of levels in the atmosphere around Şişli - M2 Station

Operation

Operating company

Pray Reiber company of Metro is the ulaşım İstanbul (Istanbul traffic), a municipal company, wholly owned by the public sector. İstanbul ulaşım also operates several tram and cable car lines next to the metro. The company also exists in addition to several public and private transport companies, especially the urban IETT, which maintains the transcontinental Metrobüs - Express bus, the city bus lines and trams and the urban ferries, the minibus lines ( dolmus ), the state railway TCDD as operator of the S -Bahn and finally the Özel Halk Otobüsler ( private national buses ). However, there is a collective association and the tickets are valid in all modes of transport other than the minibuses.

With their lines transported İstanbul ulaşım 1,100,000 daily passengers is rising. Since November 2007, the engineer Ömer Yıldız faces as General Director of the Company. Under his leadership, the organizational structure of İstanbul ulaşım divided into two main divisions, which differ in the areas of operational and technical matters on the one hand, and finance and administration on the other. These each hold several sub-divisions, responsible among other things, for planning and construction, safety, equipment, and rail transportation carrier metro, light rail and tram.

Operating times

The underground trains run from about 6:00 clock up between 0:30 am and 1:00 clock clock. During peak times, a 5 - minute cycle is reached. In the late evening and overnight hours of operation is thinned to a 10 -minute intervals. The last M1A train from Ataturk airport towards the city center extends at 1:00 clock from the airport station.

Rates

Each journey tokens are to be solved, which are given to the locks in the front slot, so that the barriers or turnstiles will be released for the person paying. A token costs 3.00 TL.

Frequent travelers can solve a so-called Akbil Pass. Akbil is an acronym of " Akilli " (Turkish clever ) and " bilet " (Turkish ticket ). When Akbil is an electronic payment system in which the price per trip decreased by 1.05 TL to 1.95 TL. The available to the customer centers of the transport companies Akbil is issued against a deposit of 6 TL and can be recharged with a maximum of 150 TL. The charge can be made at the counter at ticket machines themselves ( minimum 5.00 TL) or by employees of the Istanbul ulaşım. The withdrawal of the then discounted fare is done electronically by stopping the Akbil chips to the sensor of the ticket barrier in access to the metro station (or city and tram or while boarding the bus ).

In addition, an electronic debit system has been set up with the Istanbul Kart. In addition to the available for all passengers version of the card are three discount cards: First, the Mavikart ( Blue Card ), which is a monthly pass, secondly, teachers, pensioners and students cards, and thirdly a free ticket for public servants such as police officers, civil servants and the postman within the execution of their duties. Fares are debited electronically through contactless readers when passing through the barrier. A payment with the card on a reader at ticket barriers or in city buses allow passengers within two hours five times transfers between lines of all transportation from Istanbul ulaşım. The card replaces the cash transactions in all modes of transport ( bus, tram, metro, light rail, cable cars, commuter trains and ferries) from replacement. It costs 10 TL deposit and can be recharged with a maximum 150 TL and is available in customer centers of the transport companies.

Certain groups such as Pensioners, civil servants and students receive a special benefit. You pay per ride 1,00 TL.

Security

All stations are manned by staff of a private security company contact persons or the transport company at the ticket barriers. The station and the tensile areas are under video surveillance. Larger pieces of luggage on the metro stations - rayed at random before passing through the ticket barrier - similar to Turkish shopping centers. Throughout the track, station and stretching area is non-smoking. Unleashed dogs are not allowed as well. Fire protection facilities are located beyond at all stations of the metro. The lines are designed to withstand earthquakes up to magnitude 9. In any potential loss of valuables located on the Zeytinburnu station and the M1 at each station of the M2 and M4, a lost property office ( ' Kayıp Eşya ').