Italian general election, 2013
On 24 and 25 February 2013, the elections were held for the 17th legislative session of the two chambers of the Italian parliament, the Chamber of Deputies with 630 members of her and the Senate ( 315 elected members), instead. The elections, which were regularly held in April 2013, were brought forward after the resignation of non-party Prime Minister Mario Monti. On 22 December 2012, the Parliament of President Giorgio Napolitano was dissolved and set the election date. Entitled to vote for the Chamber of Deputies were more than 46.9 million people, for the Senate more than 42.2 million people. While in the Chamber of Deputies, the center-left coalition of Pier Luigi Bersani a majority, and the center-right coalition of Silvio Berlusconi loses out, none of the parties could be beaten or coalitions clearly prevail in the Senate. A third great power, the movement was able to establish Movimento 5 Stelle Beppe Grillo, the centrist coalition of Mario Monti was only fourth strongest. The unclear majorities in the Senate led to a stalemate and make it difficult to form a government.
- 2.2.1 Results abroad
- 2.2.2 Election Results
- 6.1 After coalition
Parties and Candidates
- Pier Luigi Bersani (PD )
- Mario Monti ( Scelta Civica )
- Beppe Grillo ( M5S )
- Silvio Berlusconi ( PdL )
Following groupings was predicted in the polls the way into the Chamber of Deputies:
- Italia. Bene Comune: A coalition of center-left parties; the Prime Minister candidate Pier Luigi Bersani was determined in a code. Participating countries include the following parties: Partito Democratico, Sinistra Ecologia Libertà, Partito Socialista Italiano, Centro Democratico South Tyrolean People's Party and the Green Party of South Tyrol PATT (Verdi Green Editions ).
- Coalizione di centro- destra: However, organized by Silvio Berlusconi coalition of center-right parties, candidate for the premiership is Angelino Alfano. Involved include the following parties: Popolo della Libertà, Lega Nord, La Destra, Fratelli d' Italia - Centrodestra Nazionale, Grande Sud, Lista Lavoro e Libertà, Partito Pensionati National Alliance and Centro di.
- Movimento 5 Stelle: The movement of the comedian Beppe Grillo went on without leading candidate. The founder of the movement Beppe Grillo did not run even in the election.
- Con Monti per l' Italia: A centrist coalition, calling for a continuation of the government of Mario Monti. Parties involved: founded by Monti Scelta Civica, Unione di Centro, Futuro e Libertà.
- Rivoluzione Civile: Joint Evaluation of several left-wing parties, as prime minister candidate Antonio Ingroia. Parties involved are Italia dei Valori, Federazione dei Verdi, Federazione della Sinistra ( Partito della Refoundation and Partito dei Comunisti Italiani ) and Movimento Arancione
In addition, the following parties competed nationwide in Italy:
- Fermare il Declino ( libertarian )
- Io Amo L' Italia of Europe parliamentarian Magdi Allam ( conservative)
- Forza Nuova ( extreme right )
- Radicali Italiani, under the name Amnistia Giustizia e Libertà ( radical liberal )
- Partito Comunista dei Lavoratori ( Trotskyist )
At the regional level, among others, the following parties were to:
- The Freedom Party (South Tyrol, right populist- separatist )
Election result 2013
Chamber of Deputies
In the first chamber of Parliament, the Left Alliance of Bersani with 29.55 % has a razor-thin majority against Berlusconi's right-wing coalition with 29.18 %. The Alliance of Mario Monti reached 10.56 % of the vote. Through the procedures of Italian electoral bonus for the strongest alliance in the Chamber of Deputies Bersani has, in spite of the scarce votes projection, in this house of parliament has an absolute majority of 340 seats ( 630 seats total). Compared to the different parties together the Partito Democratico received the most votes. For the Chamber of Deputies of the Party Spitzenkandididaten Bersani came to 8,644,523 votes from voters in Italy and 288 092 votes from abroad Italians. The party of Grillo scored 8,689,458 votes plus 95 041 votes in the foreign Italians. The Italians living abroad are either legally their compatriots in Italy assimilated by the Italian Constitution, by owning them both the active and the passive right to vote.
The turnout for the Chamber was 75.19 %, five years earlier, this was still at 80.51 %.
Abroad results
The participation of the Italians living abroad in the election for the Chamber of Deputies was 29.75%. There was to distribute 12 seats in the overseas constituencies. The PD of Bersani received 29.32 % and 5 seats for Montis SC voted 18.39% (2 seats). Berlusconi's PdL was chosen by 14.84 % ( 1 seat). The party Movimento associativo italiani all'estero received 14.30 % of the votes and two seats. Beppe Grillo's party chose 9.37% ( 1 seat), also received the Unione sudamericani of emigration italiani ( USEI ) 4.48% and a seat in the House of Representatives.
Election results
The election results of the parties and alliances, as at February 28, 2013 10:37 clock:
- Italia. Bene Comune: 345
- Coalizione di centro- destra: 125
- Movimento 5 Stelle: 109
- Con Monti per l' Italia: 47
- Vallee d' Aosta: 1
- Movimento Associativo Italiani all'estero: 2
- Unione Sudamericana of emigration Italiani: 1
Senate
In the Senate, an absolute majority of 158 seats for an alliance or a coalition became apparent after the election. The covenants of Bersani and Berlusconi reached about one votes equilibrium with 123 and 117 seats. A coalition with Bersani's Monti (19 seats) is not enough for an absolute majority. The situation changed in mid-November 2013, the division of Berlusconi's alliance. Here, 30 senators and 27 deputies of the new group of Angelino Alfano have connected.
Beppe Grillo's Party won 54 seats. In the Senate, some regional parties and alliances are represented. Vallée d' Aosta and the Movimento Associativo Italiani all'estero each received one seat
The Senate size of 315 seats is increased by additional senators for life ( in February 2013 it was four).
For the Senate, the turnout was approximately 75.11 %, in 2008 it was around 80.40 %.
Abroad results
At the election for the Senate to 30.10 % of eligible voters participating. There were 6 to distribute seats in the overseas constituencies. The PD of Bersani received 30.69 % of the vote and four Senate seats. For Mario Monti SC voted 19.81 %, she got a seat the party Movimento associativo italiani all'estero selected 13.43 % of the electorate and thus received a Senate seat.
Election results
The election results of the parties and alliances, as at February 28, 2013 10:37 clock:
- Italia. Bene Comune5: 123
- Coalizione di centro- destra5: 117
- Movimento 5 Stelle: 54
- Con Monti per l' Italia: 19
- Vallee d' Aosta: 1
- Movimento Associativo Italiani all'estero: 1
Follow
After this outcome, due to the foreseen in the Italian electoral law bonus for the strongest electoral coalition, the center-left parties in the Chamber of Deputies, an absolute majority of 55 % of the seats, but in equal Senate the different and hitherto hostile alliances can be blocked because no alliance has an absolute majority. A first attempt Pier Luigi Bersani after six days of exploratory talks to form a majority government capable, failed in late March.
After another unsuccessful talks with party representatives President Giorgio Napolitano announced the beginning of April to the use of a ten-member expert committee comprising representatives of politics, business and the judiciary. This is composed of two groups on the basis of party programs within max. work ten days important institutional reforms and economic measures, thus supporting an approximation of the major parties. The Commission consists of the following persons:
- Filippo Bubbico (former State Secretary at the Ministry of Economic Development )
- Giancarlo Giorgetti ( politician)
- Enrico Giovannini (economist and statistician )
- Mario Mauro ( politician)
- Enzo Moavero Milanesi (Judge and Minister for European Policy in the Cabinet Monti )
- Valerio Onida (former President of the Constitutional Court )
- Giovanni Pitruzzella (President of the Competition Authority)
- Gaetano Quagliariello ( politician)
- Salvatore Rossi (economist and manager )
- Luciano Violante ( politicians and judges )
Since no success so far has been achieved by the Expert Commission and the Minister presidential candidate Italia. Bene Commune, Pier Luigi Bersani, resigned from his post as chairman of the PD are placed under the re-elected President Giorgio Napolitano also elections in view.
On April 24, 2013 Napolitano issued as re- elected president of the order to form a government to Enrico Letta, deputy leader of the Partito Democratico.
Reactions
Worldwide decreased the prices of stocks and stock indices (DAX, Eurostox, Nikkei etc.) and the price of the euro against other currencies traded much ( U.S. dollar, pound sterling, yen ), when it became the stalemate. Interest rates on Italian government bonds rose.
Newspaper comments criticized the strong showing of the Euro-critical alliances: the Süddeutsche Zeitung wrote: "Two comedians have lined up for election and were also rewarded for their defamatory shouting: Silvio Berlusconi and Beppe Grillo. [ ... ] Now govern again populism, the screaming and lies. " Stood in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: " Half of Italians voted for lists, the anti-European occurred aggressive. This is beyond Italy a danger signal "stand in the FAZ Feuilleton ". Prevails in Italy after the parliamentary election political chaos. And so it have the degenerate parties wanted. Because now they can continue with their looting of the country. "
The rating agency Moody's has threatened to downgrade the country's reforms should not be continued.
Italy ( Dipartimento del Tesoro or the ) auctioned on February 27, 2013 New government bonds in the amount of 6.5 billion euros (who has the least interest, gets the nod ).
- The interest on the ten-year securities rose to 4.83 percent ( the highest level since October 2012). Four weeks earlier, they were still at 4.17 percent.
- For the five -year Italian bonds has 3.59 percent ( instead of the previous 2.94 percent) pay interest.
Electoral system
In the election for the Chamber of Deputies with a total of 630 seats 617 seats are distributed according to the Hare - Niemeyer method. The coalition or no coalition belonging to the party with the most votes nationwide will receive at least 340 seats and thus the absolute majority. The remaining seats are distributed proportionally among the other parties. The Aosta Valley receives independent of one seat 12 seats are elected by Italians abroad.
In the election to the Senate, are active right at the only 25 year-old Italian, the total of 315 seats are allocated at the level of regions. In the region, the victorious coalition or single party receives at least 55 percent of the seats in the region; The rules governing Trentino-Alto Adige (7 senators ), Molise (2 senators ) and the Aosta Valley (1 senator ). 6 seats are elected by Italians abroad. In addition to the 315 elected seats, the Senators shall receive for life ( in February 2013 there were four ) a Senate seat. In contrast to the Chamber of Deputies in the Senate so that is not an absolute majority of the votes strongest coalition or single- party guarantees. The results of the regions may be crucial for the majority situation here.