ITU Radio Regulations

The Radio Regulations Radio Regulations, shortly Radio Regulations, ( Switzerland: Radio Regulations; English Radio Regulations, RR), regulates international in the framework of international law radio services and the use of radio spectrum. It complements the Constitution and Convention of the International Telecommunication Union. In addition to the Constitution and Convention and the Radio Regulations of International Telecommunication Services ( engl. International Telecommunication Regulations, ITR) the Radio Regulations is one of the basic documents of the International Telecommunication Union ( ITU). The Radio Regulations includes regulated and shall not affect the part of the allocated electromagnetic spectrum (including radio frequency spectrum) from 9 kHz to 275 GHz.

Content

The Radio Regulations mainly applies rules for allocation of frequency bands to radio services, to be observed technical parameters and about the limitations of the various radio services operating procedures. The Radio Regulations is regularly revised and updated by the World Radiocommunication Conferences. It appears in its official and working languages ​​of the ITU, namely English, Arabic, Chinese, Spanish, French and Russian. The last full translation into German was made in 1982 by the then German Federal Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications.

As work with the character of an international agreement binds the Radio Regulations, the Contracting States. For citizens it does not have direct legal effect.

The Radio Regulations will be implemented by the relevant competent national public authority, a spectrum management into national law. In Germany this is done by the responsible Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology and the Federal Network Agency, if necessary, with other government departments. This is, for example, in the Telecommunications Act and the Article 5 of the Radio Regulations ( en: Frequency allocations / de: Frequency range assignments ) by the frequency allocation plan.

Structure

The currently valid Radio Regulations ( edition 2012) is structured as follows:

Volume 1 - Articles

  • CHAPTER I - Terminology and technical characteristics
  • CHAPTER II - Frequencies
  • CHAPTER III - Coordination, notification and recording of frequency assignments and plan Modifications
  • CHAPTER IV - Interferences
  • CHAPTER V - Administrative of commission
  • CHAPTER VI - Provisions for services and stations
  • CHAPTER VII - Distress and safety communications
  • CHAPTER VIII - Aeronautical services
  • CHAPTER IX - Maritime services
  • CHAPTER X - Provisions for entry into force of the Radio Regulations

Volume 2 - Appendices

Volume 3 - Resolutions and Recommendations

Volume 4 - ITU -R Recommendations incorporated by reference

Maps to be used in relation to Appendix 27

Geographical division of the world

  • Region 1
  • Region 2
  • Region 3

The Radio Regulations shares for frequency allocations, ie the allocation of frequency bands to one or more radio services to the world in three regions:

History

As a world radio contract the international Convention shall be called, which in 1903 the radio traffic and the radio transmission were controlled.

Prehistory

From 1900, the Marconi International Marine Communication Company in London secured the exclusive right to exercise the radio operation after it had gone over to their devices no longer for sale, but including personnel to the shipping companies to rent. Users of Marconi plants were allowed to occur except in emergencies only with other Marconi telegraph systems in conjunction.

From 4 to 13 August 1903, the first radio conference for the radio traffic was held with 90 representatives from 32 countries in Berlin. However, it was only between Germany, England, France, Austria - Hungary, Russia, Italy, Spain and the U.S. on valid agreements.

World radio contract

To counter the threat of a world radio monopoly by Marconi, Telefunken 1905 acquired the right to build on German ships receiving and transmitting devices and operate. Furthermore, the German government invited to a World Radiocommunication Conference to Berlin with the aim to eliminate each radio monopoly. Reinhold von Sydow ran from October 3 to November 1, 1906 the second session of the Radio Conference in Berlin, attended by 27 nations. The result of this meeting, the 30 countries approved on November 3, 1906 first world radio contract ( forerunner of today's International Telecommunications contracts), who introduced the compulsory traffic between coastal and airborne stations, radio communications gave free rein internationally. Leading the World were quickly three radio companies, which were in the U.S., the Radio Corporation of America, in England and in Germany Marconi Telefunken. Since the characteristics of the radio- technical operational service required a special company, created in 1908, the company International Telefunken operation, from the 1911 gave rise to the German operating company for wireless telegraphy ( Debeg ).

On a proposal by Germany in 1906 as the first internationally standardized distress characters 3 points, 3 dashes, 3 dots ( without pauses between the letters ) was introduced to the First World Radiocommunication Conference in Berlin. Known as the "SOS" signal was also adopted by the aviation industry.

After Marconi 1909 also continued for the messaging for everyone refused, acquired the state Telegrafenverwaltung Marconi shore stations and gave them free for public transport.

Second radio contract

After the sinking of the RMS Titanic in April 1912, it became clear how important the newly discovered radio technology was also responsible for the shipping. When the Titanic went to the Iceberg, an eastward -moving ship, the Californian, just 6 to 8 km was removed from the accident site. Their radio operator had sought connection to the wireless operator Jack Phillips of the Titanic, but did not get due to misunderstandings. Other ships that were still in the vicinity were not yet equipped with radio and therefore could not hear the emergency calls.

In the same year the second International radio telegraph agreement was signed in London. Between January and October ratified the previous states of the Treaty, which entered into force on 1 July 1913.

The First World War prevented the implementation of the contracts.

Third World Radiocommunication contract

October / November 1927 in Washington, D.C. was the International World radiocommunication conference be held. At the conference brings together 400 representatives from 76 countries. November 25, 1927, the Third World Radiocommunication contract (World News contract ) between 76 governments and 65 companies has been completed. The regulations came into force on 1 January 1929.

The contract obliges in Article 10 of the treaty countries to ensure that public and private broadcasting stations are set up and operated according to the experiential best practices; in such a way that they do not interfere with the radio-electronic transport or service of the other Contracting States.

It includes agreements on the allocation of frequencies. The broadcasting are a long wave range 160-228 kHz and a medium-wave band 675-1500 kHz. In the short wavelength region, which had been developed in the early 1920s by amateurs, the radio gets six bands at 49, 31, 25, 19, 17, and 14 m wavelength. Moreover, the International Advisory Committee shall be established for the Radio Consultative Committee International des Radiocommunications ( CCIR). The Washington make decisions for Europe a revision of the Geneva Frequency Plan of 1925 required. Only a few thousand radio amateurs in 1927 for all bands have been assigned to it in the area below 200 m wavelength.

All ships carrying more than 300 passengers shall have three radio operators on board ships with 150 to 300 passengers, two radio operators and ships from 25 passengers and all cargo ships a radio operator. The operating staff sat down at this time made ​​up of former members of the Debeg, the German Atlantic telegraph company, who came from the telegraph office Emden, and from 10 Postsupernumeraren.

Anniversary

On 30 October 2006, the ITU in Geneva solemnly celebrated the 100th anniversary of the Radio Regulations. The following milestones along the way from 1906 to today:

  • International radio telegraph convention of Berlin 1906 - first issue of the Radio Regulations, regulation of radio communications between ships at sea and the mainland
  • European Broadcasting Conference Geneva 1926 - first attempt at a wider European frequency regulation
  • International Broadcasting Conference Washington 1927 - transmission frequencies of shortwave radio stations have been established
  • European Broadcasting Conference 1929 Prague
  • International Broadcasting Conference in Madrid in 1932
  • European Broadcasting Conference Lucerne 1933
  • International Broadcasting Conference Cairo 1938
  • European Broadcasting Conference Montreux 1939
  • International Broadcasting Conference Atlantic City 1947
  • Copenhagen Copenhagen 1948 wave plan - a plan for distribution of broadcast frequencies to broadcasters in the long and medium waveband
  • International Broadcasting Conference Geneva 1975 - Geneva wave plan for the operation of radio stations in the long and medium waveband, came on 23 November 1978 in force and, with minor modifications, still valid
Frequency assignment authority Telent RCA Jack Phillips (wireless officer) Geneva Frequency Plan of 1975
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